TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of sound frequency and initial concentration on the sonochemical degradation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)
AU - Rodriguez-Freire, Lucia
AU - Balachandran, Rajesh
AU - Sierra-Alvarez, Reyes
AU - Keswani, Manish
N1 - Funding Information:
The work presented here was supported by Air Force Civil Engineering Center, under the project number FA8903-13-C-0011.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2015/12/1
Y1 - 2015/12/1
N2 - Perfluoooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a perfluorinated compound (PFC) highly resistant to conventional advance oxidation processes, which was widely used in industrial activities due to its surfactant nature, olephobic-hydrophobic properties, and chemical inertness. Sonochemical treatment has been suggested as an effective approach to treat aqueous solutions containing minimal levels of PFCs. This study investigates PFOS sonochemical degradation and its dependency on the initial concentration (10-460. μM), and the applied sound frequency (25 and 500. kHz, and 1. MHz). PFOS was degraded by sonochemical treatment at concentrations as high as 460. μM, as demonstrated by fluoride release and total organic content data. PFOS degradation rate was higher at megasonic frequencies (1. MHz) compared to ultrasonic frequencies (25-500. kHz). PFOS degradation was controlled by saturation kinetics as indicated by an increase in PFOS degradation rate with increasing PFOS concentration until a maximum, after which the degradation rate was independent of the concentration. The saturation conditions were dependent on the sound frequency, and they were reached at a lower concentration under 1. MHz (100. μM) compared to the 500. kHz frequency (>460. μM). Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that high PFOS concentration can be effectively sonochemically treated using megasonic frequencies.
AB - Perfluoooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a perfluorinated compound (PFC) highly resistant to conventional advance oxidation processes, which was widely used in industrial activities due to its surfactant nature, olephobic-hydrophobic properties, and chemical inertness. Sonochemical treatment has been suggested as an effective approach to treat aqueous solutions containing minimal levels of PFCs. This study investigates PFOS sonochemical degradation and its dependency on the initial concentration (10-460. μM), and the applied sound frequency (25 and 500. kHz, and 1. MHz). PFOS was degraded by sonochemical treatment at concentrations as high as 460. μM, as demonstrated by fluoride release and total organic content data. PFOS degradation rate was higher at megasonic frequencies (1. MHz) compared to ultrasonic frequencies (25-500. kHz). PFOS degradation was controlled by saturation kinetics as indicated by an increase in PFOS degradation rate with increasing PFOS concentration until a maximum, after which the degradation rate was independent of the concentration. The saturation conditions were dependent on the sound frequency, and they were reached at a lower concentration under 1. MHz (100. μM) compared to the 500. kHz frequency (>460. μM). Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that high PFOS concentration can be effectively sonochemically treated using megasonic frequencies.
KW - Kinetics
KW - Megasonic
KW - PFOS
KW - Perfluorocarbons
KW - Sonochemistry
KW - Sonolysis
KW - Ultrasonic
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.077
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.077
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84939488727
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 300
SP - 662
EP - 669
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
ER -