TY - JOUR
T1 - Early Onset Colorectal Cancer
T2 - Molecular Underpinnings Accelerating Occurrence
AU - Zinkeng, Atehkeng
AU - Taylor, F. Lloyd
AU - Cheong, Samuel H.
AU - Song, Heyu
AU - Merchant, Juanita L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors
PY - 2025/1
Y1 - 2025/1
N2 - The onset of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients younger than 50 continues to rapidly increase. This study highlights the epidemiologic changes, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and molecular profiles prevalent in early onset CRC patients, and identifies key areas for future research. It has been noted that only a small fraction of early onset CRC cases is attributed to known hereditary mutations and fit the canonical pathway of late-onset colorectal cancer development. To highlight this, we review the genetic and epigenetic modifications specific to early onset CRC. We also discuss the synergetic effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and environmental factors on the early onset of CRC. Additionally, we discuss the potential of noninvasive biomarker assays to enhance early detection, screening, diagnosis, and prognostic outcome predictions.
AB - The onset of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients younger than 50 continues to rapidly increase. This study highlights the epidemiologic changes, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and molecular profiles prevalent in early onset CRC patients, and identifies key areas for future research. It has been noted that only a small fraction of early onset CRC cases is attributed to known hereditary mutations and fit the canonical pathway of late-onset colorectal cancer development. To highlight this, we review the genetic and epigenetic modifications specific to early onset CRC. We also discuss the synergetic effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and environmental factors on the early onset of CRC. Additionally, we discuss the potential of noninvasive biomarker assays to enhance early detection, screening, diagnosis, and prognostic outcome predictions.
KW - DNA Mutation
KW - Epigenetics
KW - Insulin Signaling
KW - Mature Onset Diabetes of the Young
KW - Microbiome
KW - Nonhereditary
KW - PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
KW - Screening Tools
KW - Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
KW - Tumor Microenvironment
KW - Wnt/B-Catenin Signaling
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85212325186&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85212325186&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.101425
DO - 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.101425
M3 - Review article
C2 - 39510499
AN - SCOPUS:85212325186
SN - 2352-345X
VL - 19
JO - CMGH
JF - CMGH
IS - 2
M1 - 101425
ER -