Early invasive cervical cancer with pelvic lymph node involvement: To complete or not to complete radical hysterectomy?

The completion of radical hysterectomy in the face of pelvic lymph node involvement presents a dilemma for the surgeon. Some believe it is appropriate to abort the hysterectomy to avoid the excessive morbidity of combined treatment; others believe that completion of the hysterectomy enhances survival. This study was undertaken to define the impact of completing radical hysterectomy followed by adjuvant radiation therapy upon patient survival or pelvic control. Fifteen patients with stage IB and IIA invasive cervical cancer whose radical hysterectomies were aborted solely for reasons of pelvic lymph node involvement were compared to a control group of 15 patients matched for tumor size and number of lymph nodes involved whose radical hysterectomies were completed. Both groups were treated with radiation therapy postoperatively. Survival was not different between groups (P = 0.81). Unexpectedly, local control was slightly improved in the group treated by radiation only (P = 0.127). If radiation therapy is anticipated, completion of radical hysterectomy followed by radiation therapy appears to offer no advantage over radiation therapy with the uterus in place in patients with early-stage invasive cervical cancer and pelvic lymph node involvement.