Doping effect on chloroindium phthalocyanine (ClInPc)/C60 solar cells

For inorganic semiconductor solar cells, controlled doping is important because it can cause Fermi level shift of the inorganic semiconductor and achieve ohmic contact at the metal-semiconductor interface. In this paper we show that doping can also be used to shift Fermi level in organic semiconductors and cause changes in solar cell performance. We have made chloroindium phthalocyanine (ClInPc)/C60 heterojunction solar cells, where tetrafluoroteracyano-quinodimethane (F4-TCNQ) is used to dope ClInPc layer. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) is used to investigate the ITO/ClInPc interfaces. The result shows that doping causes a Fermi level shift at the ITO/ClInPc interface as it does for inorganic semiconductors. As the doping increases, dark saturation current J ₀ of the solar cell increases, while open-circuit voltage Voc, short-circuit current Jsc and fill factor decreases. As a result, the efficiency of the solar cell decreases as doping increases. More UPS studies on ClInPc (doped with F4TCNQJ/C60 junction are needed to correlate the energy band diagram of the whole solar cell structure with the J-V characteristics.