Diversity and niche evolution along aridity gradients in north american lizards (phrynosomatidae)

John J. Wiens, Kenneth H. Kozak, Natalia Silva

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

96 Scopus citations

Abstract

Deserts occupy approximately 12% of the Earth's land surface, and are thought to have species poor but highly specialized biotas. However, few studies have examined the evolutionary origins of desert biotas and of diversity patterns along aridity gradients. Further, it is unclear if species occurring in more extreme conditions on a given niche axis (i.e., precipitation) are more specialized for those conditions (i.e., have narrower niche breadths). We address these questions here using a time-calibrated phylogeny and climatic data for 117 species of phrynosomatid lizards. Phrynosomatids are the most species-rich family of lizards in North America, and are found from deserts to rainforests. Surprisingly, we find that phrynosomatids have higher richness in more arid environments. This pattern occurs seemingly because they have been present in more arid habitats longer (~55 million years), and lineages in mesic environments are recently derived from more arid-dwelling ancestors. We find little support for the hypothesis that species in more extreme environments are more specialized. Instead, many desert-dwelling species are broadly distributed, and species in the most mesic environments have the broadest niche breadths. In summary, phrynosomatids offer a counterexample to the idea that arid regions are inhabited by a small number of recent and highly specialized lineages.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1715-1728
Number of pages14
JournalEvolution
Volume67
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2013

Keywords

  • Aridity
  • Diversification
  • Niche
  • Phylogeny
  • Reptiles
  • Species richness

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
  • Genetics
  • General Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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