TY - JOUR
T1 - Diversity and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) in Turkey
AU - Hazir, Selçuk
AU - Keskin, Nevin
AU - Stock, S. Patricia
AU - Kaya, Harry K.
AU - Özcan, Servet
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). We thank S. Nadler for use of microscope and video image software for conducting the morphometric observations and for facilitating equipment for molecular studies, and the Genetics Resources Conservation Program at UC Davis for their continued support for maintenance of the entomopathogenic nematode collection.
PY - 2003/2/1
Y1 - 2003/2/1
N2 - The diversity and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae were assessed throughout an extensive soil survey in Turkey during 1999 and 2000. Entomopathogenic nematodes were recovered from six out of seven regions sampled, with 22 positive sites (2%) out of 1080 sites sampled. A single nematode isolate was recovered at each of the positive sites, of which 15 were steinernematid isolates and seven were heterorhabditid isolates representing a total of four species. Based on morphometric and molecular data, the nematode species were identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema feltiae, S. affine, and Steinernema n. sp. The most common species was S. feltiae, which was isolated from 10 sites in six regions, followed by H. bacteriophora from seven sites in five regions, S. affine from four sites in two regions, and Steinernema n. sp. from one site. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and S. feltiae have been found in many parts of the world, whereas S. affine, so far, has only been recovered in Europe until our survey. Steinernema affine was isolated from the European (Marmara) as well as the Asiatic region (Middle Anatolia) of Turkey. A new undescribed Steinernema sp. was isolated from the most eastern region (East Anatolia) of Turkey. Soils of the positive sites were classified as sandy, sandy loam, or loam (68.2%) and sandy-clay-loam or clay loam (31.8%) and the pH ranged from 5.6 to 7.9. The habitats from which the entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated were broadly classified as disturbed (59.1%), which included agricultural fields and poplar planted for lumber and wind breaks, and undisturbed (40.9%), which included pine forest, grassland, marsh and reed sites. Steinernema feltiae, S. affine, and H. bacteriophora were recovered from both disturbed and undisturbed habitats. The new Steinernema sp. was recovered from grassland. Our survey showed that these nematodes occur widely throughout Turkey, but at a frequency below that reported for other parts of the world.
AB - The diversity and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae were assessed throughout an extensive soil survey in Turkey during 1999 and 2000. Entomopathogenic nematodes were recovered from six out of seven regions sampled, with 22 positive sites (2%) out of 1080 sites sampled. A single nematode isolate was recovered at each of the positive sites, of which 15 were steinernematid isolates and seven were heterorhabditid isolates representing a total of four species. Based on morphometric and molecular data, the nematode species were identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema feltiae, S. affine, and Steinernema n. sp. The most common species was S. feltiae, which was isolated from 10 sites in six regions, followed by H. bacteriophora from seven sites in five regions, S. affine from four sites in two regions, and Steinernema n. sp. from one site. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and S. feltiae have been found in many parts of the world, whereas S. affine, so far, has only been recovered in Europe until our survey. Steinernema affine was isolated from the European (Marmara) as well as the Asiatic region (Middle Anatolia) of Turkey. A new undescribed Steinernema sp. was isolated from the most eastern region (East Anatolia) of Turkey. Soils of the positive sites were classified as sandy, sandy loam, or loam (68.2%) and sandy-clay-loam or clay loam (31.8%) and the pH ranged from 5.6 to 7.9. The habitats from which the entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated were broadly classified as disturbed (59.1%), which included agricultural fields and poplar planted for lumber and wind breaks, and undisturbed (40.9%), which included pine forest, grassland, marsh and reed sites. Steinernema feltiae, S. affine, and H. bacteriophora were recovered from both disturbed and undisturbed habitats. The new Steinernema sp. was recovered from grassland. Our survey showed that these nematodes occur widely throughout Turkey, but at a frequency below that reported for other parts of the world.
KW - Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
KW - Soil nematodes
KW - Steinernema affine
KW - Steinernema feltiae
KW - Survey
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U2 - 10.1023/A:1021915903822
DO - 10.1023/A:1021915903822
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0037314189
SN - 0960-3115
VL - 12
SP - 375
EP - 386
JO - Biodiversity and Conservation
JF - Biodiversity and Conservation
IS - 2
ER -