TY - JOUR
T1 - Diverse anthropogenic disturbances shift Amazon forests along a structural spectrum
AU - Smith, Marielle N.
AU - Stark, Scott C.
AU - Taylor, Tyeen C.
AU - Schietti, Juliana
AU - de Almeida, Danilo Roberti Alves
AU - Aragón, Susan
AU - Torralvo, Kelly
AU - Lima, Albertina P.
AU - de Oliveira, Gabriel
AU - de Assis, Rafael Leandro
AU - Leitold, Veronika
AU - Pontes-Lopes, Aline
AU - Scoles, Ricardo
AU - de Sousa Vieira, Luciana Cristina
AU - Resende, Angelica Faria
AU - Coppola, Alysha I.
AU - Brandão, Diego Oliveira
AU - de Athaydes Silva Junior, João
AU - Lobato, Laura F.
AU - Freitas, Wagner
AU - Almeida, Daniel
AU - Souza, Mendell S.
AU - Minor, David M.
AU - Villegas, Juan Camilo
AU - Law, Darin J.
AU - Gonçalves, Nathan
AU - da Rocha, Daniel Gomes
AU - Guedes, Marcelino Carneiro
AU - Tonini, Hélio
AU - da Silva, Kátia Emídio
AU - van Haren, Joost
AU - Rosa, Diogo Martins
AU - do Valle, Dalton Freitas
AU - Cordeiro, Carlos Leandro
AU - de Lima, Nicolas Zaslavsky
AU - Shao, Gang
AU - Menor, Imma Oliveras
AU - Conti, Georgina
AU - Florentino, Ana Paula
AU - Montti, Lía
AU - Aragão, Luiz E.O.C.
AU - McMahon, Sean M.
AU - Parker, Geoffrey G.
AU - Breshears, David D.
AU - Da Costa, Antonio Carlos Lola
AU - Magnusson, William E.
AU - Mesquita, Rita
AU - Camargo, José Luís C.
AU - de Oliveira, Raimundo C.
AU - de Camargo, Plinio B.
AU - Saleska, Scott R.
AU - Nelson, Bruce Walker
N1 - Funding Information:
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Marcelo Menin, a valued colleague and friend, who sadly passed away due to the COVID‐19 crisis in Brazil prior to preparation of the manuscript. Financial support for this Special Issue was provided by the US National Science Foundation (NSF DEB award 1924942). We gratefully acknowledge M Menin for contributing the Universidade Federal do Amazonas data to this study. This work was primarily supported by NSF DEB grant 1950080 to Michigan State University (MSU), NSF Macrosystems Biology EF‐1340604 to MSU, EF‐1340624 to the University of Arizona, and NSF PIRE (0730305). Additional support was provided to MNS through a Thomas Lovejoy Fellowship courtesy of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP). JS acknowledges funding from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) PQ‐314149/2020‐1 and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) for supporting the acquisition of a lidar sensor. AP‐L, AFR, and DRAA were supported by the São Paulo State Research Foundation (grants 2016/21043‐8, 2019/24049‐5, and 2018/21338‐3). SA was supported by a CNPq PDJ grant (150827/2013‐0) and a CAPES‐PNPD post‐doctoral scholarship. POPA‐PELD (Long Term Ecological Monitoring of Western Pará) establishment was supported by the Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade and by the Centro de Estudos Integrados da Biodiversidade Amazônica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), and CNPq grant (441443/2016‐8). KT was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Amazonas. APL was supported by CNPq Universal Proc (401.120/2016‐3) and POPA‐PELD. RS was supported by Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Programa de Áreas Protegidas da Amazônia, and CNPq‐Universal 2016 (426960/2016‐5). TCT was supported by NSF 1754163. AIC was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation Ambizione (grant PZ00P2_185835). SA and RS would like to acknowledge the continued support of CAPES and CNPq for the education and training of students through Masters fellowships at Programa de Pós‐graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia–Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (PPGRNA‐UFOPA). DDB was supported by NSF EF‐1340624. This is study 839 of the BDFFP Technical Series.
Funding Information:
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Marcelo Menin, a valued colleague and friend, who sadly passed away due to the COVID-19 crisis in Brazil prior to preparation of the manuscript. Financial support for this Special Issue was provided by the US National Science Foundation (NSF DEB award 1924942). We gratefully acknowledge M Menin for contributing the Universidade Federal do Amazonas data to this study. This work was primarily supported by NSF DEB grant 1950080 to Michigan State University (MSU), NSF Macrosystems Biology EF-1340604 to MSU, EF-1340624 to the University of Arizona, and NSF PIRE (0730305). Additional support was provided to MNS through a Thomas Lovejoy Fellowship courtesy of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP). JS acknowledges funding from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) PQ-314149/2020-1 and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) for supporting the acquisition of a lidar sensor. AP-L, AFR, and DRAA were supported by the São Paulo State Research Foundation (grants 2016/21043-8, 2019/24049-5, and 2018/21338-3). SA was supported by a CNPq PDJ grant (150827/2013-0) and a CAPES-PNPD post-doctoral scholarship. POPA-PELD (Long Term Ecological Monitoring of Western Pará) establishment was supported by the Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade and by the Centro de Estudos Integrados da Biodiversidade Amazônica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), and CNPq grant (441443/2016-8). KT was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Amazonas. APL was supported by CNPq Universal Proc (401.120/2016-3) and POPA-PELD. RS was supported by Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Programa de Áreas Protegidas da Amazônia, and CNPq-Universal 2016 (426960/2016-5). TCT was supported by NSF 1754163. AIC was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation Ambizione (grant PZ00P2_185835). SA and RS would like to acknowledge the continued support of CAPES and CNPq for the education and training of students through Masters fellowships at Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia–Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (PPGRNA-UFOPA). DDB was supported by NSF EF-1340624. This is study 839 of the BDFFP Technical Series.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Ecological Society of America.
PY - 2023/2
Y1 - 2023/2
N2 - Amazon forests are being degraded by myriad anthropogenic disturbances, altering ecosystem and climate function. We analyzed the effects of a range of land-use and climate-change disturbances on fine-scale canopy structure using a large database of profiling canopy lidar collected from disturbed and mature Amazon forest plots. At most of the disturbed sites, surveys were conducted 10–30 years after disturbance, with many exhibiting signs of recovery. Structural impacts differed in magnitude more than in character among disturbance types, producing a gradient of impacts. Structural changes were highly coordinated in a manner consistent across disturbance types, indicating commonalities in regeneration pathways. At the most severely affected site – burned igapó (seasonally flooded forest) – no signs of canopy regeneration were observed, indicating a sustained alteration of microclimates and consequently greater vulnerability to transitioning to a more open-canopy, savanna-like state. Notably, disturbances rarely shifted forests beyond the natural background of structural variation within mature plots, highlighting the similarities between anthropogenic and natural disturbance regimes, and indicating a degree of resilience among Amazon forests. Studying diverse disturbance types within an integrated analytical framework builds capacity to predict the risk of degradation-driven forest transitions.
AB - Amazon forests are being degraded by myriad anthropogenic disturbances, altering ecosystem and climate function. We analyzed the effects of a range of land-use and climate-change disturbances on fine-scale canopy structure using a large database of profiling canopy lidar collected from disturbed and mature Amazon forest plots. At most of the disturbed sites, surveys were conducted 10–30 years after disturbance, with many exhibiting signs of recovery. Structural impacts differed in magnitude more than in character among disturbance types, producing a gradient of impacts. Structural changes were highly coordinated in a manner consistent across disturbance types, indicating commonalities in regeneration pathways. At the most severely affected site – burned igapó (seasonally flooded forest) – no signs of canopy regeneration were observed, indicating a sustained alteration of microclimates and consequently greater vulnerability to transitioning to a more open-canopy, savanna-like state. Notably, disturbances rarely shifted forests beyond the natural background of structural variation within mature plots, highlighting the similarities between anthropogenic and natural disturbance regimes, and indicating a degree of resilience among Amazon forests. Studying diverse disturbance types within an integrated analytical framework builds capacity to predict the risk of degradation-driven forest transitions.
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U2 - 10.1002/fee.2590
DO - 10.1002/fee.2590
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85147154644
SN - 1540-9295
VL - 21
SP - 24
EP - 32
JO - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
JF - Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
IS - 1
ER -