TY - JOUR
T1 - Divergent effects of cocaine on cytokine production by lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages
T2 - HIV-1 enhancement by cocaine within the blood-brain barrier
AU - Fiala, A. M.
AU - Gan, X. H.
AU - Newton, T.
AU - Chiappelli, F.
AU - Shapshak, P.
AU - Kermani, V.
AU - Kung, M. A.
AU - Diagne, A.
AU - Martinez, O.
AU - Way, D.
AU - Weinand, M.
AU - Witte, M.
AU - Graves, M.
PY - 1996
Y1 - 1996
N2 - Cocaine-related immunosuppression is assumed to have serious consequences, but its evaluation in drug-addicted subjects is lacking. In this study performed with materials from addicted subjects receiving intravenous cocaine and normal control subjects, acute cocaine effects on cytokine production in vivo and in mononuclear cells in vitro were determined. Acute intravenous cocaine administration resulted in (a) increased white blood cell and lymphocyte courts, (b) decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-10 serum levels; (c) depressed TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-12 production by unstimulated or LPS- stimulated mononuclear cells; (d) increased TNF-α production by PHA- stimulated mononuclear cells. These observations suggest that cocaine has stimulatory effect on TNF-α production by lymphocytes but inhibitory action on TNF-α production by monocyte/macrophages. In vitro cocaine treatment of monocyte-enriched preparations of mononuclear cells from normal donors resulted in suppression of cytokine production. A blood-brain barrier model was constructed using human brain microvascular endothelial cells. In this model mononuclear cell transmigration was correctly regulated by Th1 and Th2 cytokines and preferential migration of 'memory' T cells was inhibited by cocaethylene. TNF-α and cocaethylene increased HIV-1 titers in the brain- side of the model.
AB - Cocaine-related immunosuppression is assumed to have serious consequences, but its evaluation in drug-addicted subjects is lacking. In this study performed with materials from addicted subjects receiving intravenous cocaine and normal control subjects, acute cocaine effects on cytokine production in vivo and in mononuclear cells in vitro were determined. Acute intravenous cocaine administration resulted in (a) increased white blood cell and lymphocyte courts, (b) decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-10 serum levels; (c) depressed TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-12 production by unstimulated or LPS- stimulated mononuclear cells; (d) increased TNF-α production by PHA- stimulated mononuclear cells. These observations suggest that cocaine has stimulatory effect on TNF-α production by lymphocytes but inhibitory action on TNF-α production by monocyte/macrophages. In vitro cocaine treatment of monocyte-enriched preparations of mononuclear cells from normal donors resulted in suppression of cytokine production. A blood-brain barrier model was constructed using human brain microvascular endothelial cells. In this model mononuclear cell transmigration was correctly regulated by Th1 and Th2 cytokines and preferential migration of 'memory' T cells was inhibited by cocaethylene. TNF-α and cocaethylene increased HIV-1 titers in the brain- side of the model.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=10144264556&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=10144264556&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-1-4613-0407-4_20
DO - 10.1007/978-1-4613-0407-4_20
M3 - Article
C2 - 8787655
AN - SCOPUS:10144264556
SN - 0065-2598
VL - 402
SP - 145
EP - 156
JO - Advances in experimental medicine and biology
JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology
ER -