TY - JOUR
T1 - Dissolution and transport of 2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT from M1 propellant in soil
AU - Dontsova, Katerina M.
AU - Pennington, Judith C.
AU - Hayes, Charolett
AU - Šimunek, Jiri
AU - Williford, Clint W.
N1 - Funding Information:
The tests described and the resulting data presented herein, unless otherwise noted, were obtained from research conducted under the US Army Environmental Quality Technology Basic Research Program by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center. Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information. Work of Šimunek was supported by the Terrestrial Sciences Program of the Army Research Office (Terrestrial Processes and Landscape Dynamics and Terrestrial System Modeling and Model Integration). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors’ and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the US Government. The use of trade, product, or firm names in this paper is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
PY - 2009/10
Y1 - 2009/10
N2 - Live-fire training exercises can result in particulate propellant contamination on military training ranges and can potentially contaminate ground water. This study was conducted to evaluate dissolution of the 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) from the propellant formulation, M1 (87.6% nitrocellulose, 7.3% 2,4-DNT, 0.57% 2,6-DNT, 1.06% diphenylamine, 3.48% dibutyl phthalate) and their subsequent transport in soil. Batch dissolution studies were followed by saturated column transport experiments. Neat, dissolved 2,4-DNT, and M1 in solid and dissolved forms were used as influent to columns filled with Plymouth loamy sand (mesic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments) from Camp Edwards, MA. Dissolution rates and other fate and transport parameters were determined using the HYDRUS-1D code. M1 dissolution was limited by DNT diffusion from the interior of the pellet, resulting in an exponential decrease in dissolution rate with time. The HYDRUS-1D model accurately described release and transport of 2,4- and 2,6-DNT from M1 propellant. Dissolution rates for M1 in the stirred reactor and column studies were similar, indicating that batch dissolution rates are potentially useful to represent field conditions.
AB - Live-fire training exercises can result in particulate propellant contamination on military training ranges and can potentially contaminate ground water. This study was conducted to evaluate dissolution of the 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) from the propellant formulation, M1 (87.6% nitrocellulose, 7.3% 2,4-DNT, 0.57% 2,6-DNT, 1.06% diphenylamine, 3.48% dibutyl phthalate) and their subsequent transport in soil. Batch dissolution studies were followed by saturated column transport experiments. Neat, dissolved 2,4-DNT, and M1 in solid and dissolved forms were used as influent to columns filled with Plymouth loamy sand (mesic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments) from Camp Edwards, MA. Dissolution rates and other fate and transport parameters were determined using the HYDRUS-1D code. M1 dissolution was limited by DNT diffusion from the interior of the pellet, resulting in an exponential decrease in dissolution rate with time. The HYDRUS-1D model accurately described release and transport of 2,4- and 2,6-DNT from M1 propellant. Dissolution rates for M1 in the stirred reactor and column studies were similar, indicating that batch dissolution rates are potentially useful to represent field conditions.
KW - 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
KW - 2,6-Dinitrotoluene
KW - Column studies
KW - HYDRUS-1D
KW - Propellant
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U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.05.039
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.05.039
M3 - Article
C2 - 19729186
AN - SCOPUS:70349226650
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 77
SP - 597
EP - 603
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
IS - 4
ER -