@inproceedings{36212682a0624de59b321a88ab660362,
title = "Direct potable reuse: NDMA control strategies",
abstract = "Many nitrosamines are considered toxic carcinogens and key contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) for potable reuse (PR). Several have been included in the US EPA's past few Contaminant Candidate Lists for consideration for federal regulatory action and California maintains 10 ng/L notification levels for N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA). NDMA in particular has been a key focus for potable reuse facilities. It occurs in sewage from industrial and domestic sources. Municipal sewage also features chloramine- and ozone-reactive precursors for NDMA, and both disinfectants have been applied in potable reuse treatment trains. This paper presents evaluation of various NDMA control strategies for an advanced treatment for potable reuse. Development of these control strategies include characterizing nitrosamine precursor sources (including industrial sources), optimizing the removal of nitrosamines and their precursors through secondary nitrification/denitrification (NdeN) treatment, and across Full Advanced Treatment (FAT) consisting of Microfiltration (MF), Reverse Osmosis (RO), Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) and an alternative treatment trains for potable reuse consisting of above grade treatment consisting of ozone, biological activated carbon (O3/BAC)), AOP, followed by the Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT). These evaluations include the fate and transport of nitrosamines, NDMA and its precursors and a potential to form during treatment.",
keywords = "Disinfection, Fate, Potable Reuse, Transport of Nitrosamines during advanced treatment, Water Reuse",
author = "R. Aflaki and J. Munoz and M. Ruiz and R. Nabegh and W. Mitch and S. Hammond and J. Barnard and S. Sathyamoorthy and M. Agbodo and S. Snyder",
note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2018 Water Environment Federation; 91st Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference, WEFTEC 2018 ; Conference date: 29-09-2018 Through 03-10-2018",
year = "2019",
language = "English (US)",
series = "91st Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference, WEFTEC 2018",
publisher = "Water Environment Federation",
pages = "2206--2221",
booktitle = "91st Annual Water Environment Federation Technical Exhibition and Conference, WEFTEC 2018",
address = "United States",
}