Direct Evidence for Active Galactic Nuclei Feedback from Fast Molecular Outflows in Reionization-era Quasars

Galactic outflows driven by rapidly accreting quasars at high redshift are widely expected to play a key role in the short- and long-term future evolution of their host galaxies. Using new and archival Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data, we observed the OH 119 μm doublet lines in order to search for cold molecular outflows in a sample of 11 unobscured, IR-luminous quasars at z > 6. This represents the first survey for molecular winds in reionization-era quasars, and we detect unambiguous outflows in 8/11 (73%) of the quasars. The outflows we find are substantially faster, by ≈300 km s⁻¹ on average, than outflows observed in a roughly coeval sample of nonquasar IR-luminous galaxies, suggesting that the active galactic nuclei (AGN) drive the winds to higher velocities. On the other hand, the implied molecular outflow rates are relatively modest given the high luminosities, suggesting typical mass-loading factors ~0.5 in the cold gas. The outflows are consistent with expectations for momentum-driven winds regardless of the driving source, but the kinetic energy in the outflows suggests that the AGN must be at least partially responsible for driving the winds. Accordingly, we find trends between the outflow properties and the Eddington ratio of the black hole accretion, though this may be linked to the underlying trend with AGN luminosity. We find that the kinetic power carried in the cold outflow phase is typically only ~0.1% of the total AGN luminosity. Our study provides evidence in favor of AGN feedback on the cold molecular gas in z > 6 quasar host galaxies, demonstrating that cold outflows are very common and powerful in the most extreme reionization-era quasars.