@article{5eb8e036721d4c50a82e241c462fe17a,
title = "Dimethylamine in cloud water: a case study over the northwest Atlantic Ocean",
abstract = "This study analyzes characteristics of an important alkyl amine species, dimethylamine (DMA), in cloud water over the northwest Atlantic. Data were gathered from the winter and summer 2020 deployments of the Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE) on board the HU-25 Falcon. Thirty-eight out of 98 samples exhibited DMA above detection limits, with the overwhelming majority in the winter season (33, 52% of winter samples) compared to summer (5, 14% of summer samples). Higher levels of DMA were observed in the winter, especially during cold air outbreaks (CAOs), which was also the case for NO3−, NH4+, and non sea salt-SO42−. This is in part due to a combination of low temperatures and offshore flow enhanced with continental pollutants such as from agriculture, industry, urban activity, and biomass burning. Unlike the inorganic acidic anions, oxalate was significantly correlated to DMA in summer and the winter in both CAO and non-CAO conditions, with a presumed reason being biomass burning supported by the consistent correlation between DMA and nss-K+ in each season. ACTIVATE data are compared to a cloud water dataset from the northeast Pacific, with the latter exhibiting much higher DMA levels due possibly to more abundant ocean biological emissions. The seasonal differences and enhancement in DMA during CAO conditions relative to non-CAO winter days motivates continued research into the partitioning behavior of DMA and its sources as amines play an important role in carbon and nitrogen cycles in the marine environment.",
author = "Corral, {Andrea F.} and Yonghoon Choi and Collister, {Brian L.} and Ewan Crosbie and Hossein Dadashazar and DiGangi, {Joshua P.} and Diskin, {Glenn S.} and Marta Fenn and Simon Kirschler and Moore, {Richard H.} and Nowak, {John B.} and Shook, {Michael A.} and Stahl, {Connor T.} and Taylor Shingler and Thornhill, {Kenneth L.} and Christiane Voigt and Ziemba, {Luke D.} and Armin Sorooshian",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by NASA grant 80NSSC19K0442 in support of ACTIVATE, a NASA Earth Venture Suborbital-3 (EVS-3) investigation funded by NASA's Earth Science Division and managed through the Earth System Science Pathfinder Program Office. The CIRPAS Twin Otter measurements were funded by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-10-1-0811. C. V. and S. K. acknowledge funding by the DFG (German Research Foundation)-TRR301-Project-ID 428312742 and SPP1294 HALO under contract VO1504/7-1. B. L. C was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA Langley Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities under contract with NASA. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and the READY website (https://www.ready.arl.noaa.gov). We acknowledge the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) for supporting access to the satellite ocean color data used here (https://www.oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/). We recognize the use of imagery from the NASA Worldview application (https://www.worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/), part of the NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System. We thank the pilots and aircraft maintenance personnel of NASA Langley Research Services Directorate for their work in conducting the ACTIVATE flights. Funding Information: This work was supported by NASA grant 80NSSC19K0442 in support of ACTIVATE, a NASA Earth Venture Suborbital-3 (EVS-3) investigation funded by NASA's Earth Science Division and managed through the Earth System Science Pathfinder Program Office. The CIRPAS Twin Otter measurements were funded by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-10-1-0811. C. V. and S. K. acknowledge funding by the DFG (German Research Foundation)–TRR301-Project-ID 428312742 and SPP1294 HALO under contract VO1504/7-1. B. L. C was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA Langley Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities under contract with NASA. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory for the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and the READY website ( https://www.ready.arl.noaa.gov ). We acknowledge the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) for supporting access to the satellite ocean color data used here ( https://www.oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ). We recognize the use of imagery from the NASA Worldview application ( https://www.worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/ ), part of the NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System. We thank the pilots and aircraft maintenance personnel of NASA Langley Research Services Directorate for their work in conducting the ACTIVATE flights. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Author(s).",
year = "2022",
month = oct,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1039/d2ea00117a",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "2",
pages = "1534--1550",
journal = "Environmental Science: Atmospheres",
issn = "2634-3606",
publisher = "Royal Society of Chemistry",
number = "6",
}