Diabetes and atherosclerosis in the Pima Indians

An extensive epidemiologic study concentrating on diabetes has been conducted for the past 15 years on the Pima Indians of Central Arizona. The Pima Indians are a relatively homogeneous population who have resided in the area for about 2,000 years. They have the highest recorded prevalence of diabetes. The study population consists of over 4000 residents of the Gila River Indian Community who are of at least one half Pima heritage and are at least five-years old. They are examined at intervals of approximately two years. This examination includes anthropomorphic measurements, a glucose tolerance test, funduscopic examination, blood pressure measurements, renal function, tests and an electrocardiogram (EKG). Autopsy data have been collected when possible on subjects who died since 1965. This review summarizes some of the information obtained from the Pima population on the relation between diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).