@article{6c3792fc007e490f913ef8c1d68a4076,
title = "Development of aquaculture protocols and gonadal differentiation of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus)",
abstract = "We provide detailed rearing methods and describe green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) gonadal development and histological differentiation for both sexes. Developing in-depth aquaculture protocols and describing the gonadal differentiation of green sunfish could facilitate strategies to control nuisance populations, enhance stocking programs, and provide information for this species' use in bioassay trials or toxicology studies. Our methods resulted in consistent year-round production of green sunfish and allowed us to identify the timing of their gonadal differentiation through histological assessment. Our spawning methods provided year-round volitional spawns from green sunfish broodstock. Our rearing methods involved weaning larval green sunfish off live nauplii and onto only artificial diets by 37 days post-hatch (dph). Most of the offspring generation reached sexual maturity by 213 dph. Green sunfish are gonochoristic, with testes and ovaries differentiating directly from undifferentiated gonads. Ovaries begin to differentiate by 39 dph and testes begin to differentiate by 69 dph. This information can provide biologists consistent means to produce this Centrachid and understand their gonadal development.",
keywords = "Aquaculture, Gonadal development, Larval rearing, Lepomis cyanellus, Sex differentiation",
author = "Teal, {Chad N.} and Schill, {Daniel J.} and Fogelson, {Susan B.} and Roberts, {Colby M.} and Kevin Fitzsimmons and Bonar, {Scott A.}",
note = "Funding Information: William Stewart of the United States Bureau of Reclamation solicited and provided funding for this research (United States Bureau of Reclamation, grant number G18AC0061 and modification G19AC0039). Gabriella Buonavolonta, Kylee Rath, Suhailah Hussein, and Cora Thomas assisted with data collection and construction and maintenance of aquaculture systems. Nathan Berg with the Arizona Game and Fish Department assisted with green sunfish broodstock collection. Zach Nemec, Larissa Lee, Taylor Ulrich, Emily Freed, Chris Jenney, Joshua Grant, Steven Ingram, and Erin Tracy with the University of Arizona provided assistance with construction of the aquaculture system and provided research advice. Arun Dhar and Luis Fernando Arunguren with the University of Arizona Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory performed histopathology and PCR analysis on submitted carcasses. Liz Mamer with Idaho Department of Fish and Game provided assistance analyzing histology slides. We thank Han Liu and Dr. Yushun Chen with the Wuhan University and Chinese Academy of Sciences for translating the paper by Yun-Chang et al. (2008). There is no conflict of interest declared in this study. Funding Information: William Stewart of the United States Bureau of Reclamation solicited and provided funding for this research ( United States Bureau of Reclamation , grant number G18AC0061 and modification G19AC0039 ). Gabriella Buonavolonta, Kylee Rath, Suhailah Hussein, and Cora Thomas assisted with data collection and construction and maintenance of aquaculture systems. Nathan Berg with the Arizona Game and Fish Department assisted with green sunfish broodstock collection. Zach Nemec, Larissa Lee, Taylor Ulrich, Emily Freed, Chris Jenney, Joshua Grant, Steven Ingram, and Erin Tracy with the University of Arizona provided assistance with construction of the aquaculture system and provided research advice. Arun Dhar and Luis Fernando Arunguren with the University of Arizona Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory performed histopathology and PCR analysis on submitted carcasses. Liz Mamer with Idaho Department of Fish and Game provided assistance analyzing histology slides. We thank Han Liu and Dr. Yushun Chen with the Wuhan University and Chinese Academy of Sciences for translating the paper by Yun-Chang et al. (2008) . There is no conflict of interest declared in this study. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V.",
year = "2022",
month = jan,
day = "30",
doi = "10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737515",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "547",
journal = "Aquaculture",
issn = "0044-8486",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
}