TY - JOUR
T1 - Development of a Model for the δ Opioid Receptor Pharmacophore. 1. Conformationally Restricted Tyr1 Replacements in the Cyclic Receptor Selective Tetrapeptide Tyr-c[d-Cys-Phe-d-Pen]OH (JOM-13)
AU - Mosberg, Henry I.
AU - Lomize, Andrei L.
AU - Wang, Chenguang
AU - Kroona, Heather
AU - Heyl, Deborah L.
AU - Sobczyk-Kojiro, Katarzyna
AU - Ma, Wenli
AU - Mousigian, Carol
AU - Porreca, Frank
PY - 1994/12/1
Y1 - 1994/12/1
N2 - A series of analogues of the conformationally restricted δ opioid receptor selective tetrapeptide Tyr-c[D-Cys-Phe-D-Pen]OH (JOM 13) was prepared in which the conformationally labile Tyr residue was replaced with several less flexible tyrosine analogues. Among these tyrosine analogues were the bicyclic structures 1,2,3,4,-tetrahydro-7-hydroxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (HO-Tic), 2-amino-6-hydroxytetralin-2-carboxylic acid (Hat), and 2-amino-5-hydroxyindan-2-carboxylic acid (Hai) in which rotations about the Cα-Cβ and Cβ-Cγ bonds are restricted due to cyclization of the side chain to the backbone. Also examined were analogues in which tyrosine was replaced with either trans-3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)proline (t-Hpp) or cis-3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)proline (c-Hpp), residues in which rotations about Cα-Cβ, but not Cβ-Cγ are restricted. Both the t-Hpp1 and c-Hpp1 analogues displayed δ receptor binding affinity similar to the parent Tyr1-containing peptide, while the D-Hat1, L-Hat1, and L-Hai1 analogues exhibited somewhat lower affinity. The results observed for the t-Hpp1 and c-Hpp1 analogues are particularly significant since these two residues have little accessible conformational space in common. Since the binding conformation of residue 1 must be included in this limited conformational intersection, its elucidation is facilitated. Bioassay results from guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens preparations are in general agreement with the binding results; however some potency discrepancies are observed. These discrepancies may reflect different selectivities among δ receptor subtypes for the analogues or may represent differing efficacies among these conformationally restricted peptides. The conformational properties of the parent tetrapeptide and the residue 1-modified analogues were studied by molecular mechanics computations. All these peptides share a common rigid tripeptide cycle with a single energetically preferred backbone conformation and three different conformers of the D-Cys, D-Pen disulfide bridge, two of which are observed in the solid state and in aqueous solution, as previously determined from X-ray crystallography and 1H NMR spectroscopy data (Lomize, A.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 429-436). All the peptides have similar sets of lowenergy conformations of their common flexible elements, the Phe3 side chain and the peptide group between the first residue and the rigid tripeptide cycle. However, possible conformations of the first residue differ and depend on the covalent constraints incorporated into the side chain. Analysis of conformation-activity relationships obtained for these peptides allows the determination of some of the conformational requirements for their interaction with the δ opioid receptor. First, the side chain conformer of residue 1 in the δ receptor-bound state is determined to be trans (ϰ1~ 180°). Second, an extended conformation of the exocyclic peptide group (both ψ of residue 1 and φ of D-Cys2 torsion angles are ~ 160°) is identified as providing the mutual arrangement of the first residue and the tripeptide cycle required for δ receptor binding.
AB - A series of analogues of the conformationally restricted δ opioid receptor selective tetrapeptide Tyr-c[D-Cys-Phe-D-Pen]OH (JOM 13) was prepared in which the conformationally labile Tyr residue was replaced with several less flexible tyrosine analogues. Among these tyrosine analogues were the bicyclic structures 1,2,3,4,-tetrahydro-7-hydroxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (HO-Tic), 2-amino-6-hydroxytetralin-2-carboxylic acid (Hat), and 2-amino-5-hydroxyindan-2-carboxylic acid (Hai) in which rotations about the Cα-Cβ and Cβ-Cγ bonds are restricted due to cyclization of the side chain to the backbone. Also examined were analogues in which tyrosine was replaced with either trans-3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)proline (t-Hpp) or cis-3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)proline (c-Hpp), residues in which rotations about Cα-Cβ, but not Cβ-Cγ are restricted. Both the t-Hpp1 and c-Hpp1 analogues displayed δ receptor binding affinity similar to the parent Tyr1-containing peptide, while the D-Hat1, L-Hat1, and L-Hai1 analogues exhibited somewhat lower affinity. The results observed for the t-Hpp1 and c-Hpp1 analogues are particularly significant since these two residues have little accessible conformational space in common. Since the binding conformation of residue 1 must be included in this limited conformational intersection, its elucidation is facilitated. Bioassay results from guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens preparations are in general agreement with the binding results; however some potency discrepancies are observed. These discrepancies may reflect different selectivities among δ receptor subtypes for the analogues or may represent differing efficacies among these conformationally restricted peptides. The conformational properties of the parent tetrapeptide and the residue 1-modified analogues were studied by molecular mechanics computations. All these peptides share a common rigid tripeptide cycle with a single energetically preferred backbone conformation and three different conformers of the D-Cys, D-Pen disulfide bridge, two of which are observed in the solid state and in aqueous solution, as previously determined from X-ray crystallography and 1H NMR spectroscopy data (Lomize, A.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 429-436). All the peptides have similar sets of lowenergy conformations of their common flexible elements, the Phe3 side chain and the peptide group between the first residue and the rigid tripeptide cycle. However, possible conformations of the first residue differ and depend on the covalent constraints incorporated into the side chain. Analysis of conformation-activity relationships obtained for these peptides allows the determination of some of the conformational requirements for their interaction with the δ opioid receptor. First, the side chain conformer of residue 1 in the δ receptor-bound state is determined to be trans (ϰ1~ 180°). Second, an extended conformation of the exocyclic peptide group (both ψ of residue 1 and φ of D-Cys2 torsion angles are ~ 160°) is identified as providing the mutual arrangement of the first residue and the tripeptide cycle required for δ receptor binding.
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U2 - 10.1021/jm00051a015
DO - 10.1021/jm00051a015
M3 - Article
C2 - 7996549
AN - SCOPUS:0028587577
SN - 0022-2623
VL - 37
SP - 4371
EP - 4383
JO - Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
JF - Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
IS - 25
ER -