TY - JOUR
T1 - Determination of household chemicals using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
AU - Trenholm, Rebecca A.
AU - Vanderford, Brett J.
AU - Drewes, Jörg E.
AU - Snyder, Shane A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) for its financial, technical, and administrative assistance in funding and managing the project through which this information was derived. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the financial contributions from the WateReuse Foundation (WRF). The comments and views detailed herein may not necessarily reflect the views of WERF or WRF, its officers, directors, affiliates or agents. The research on which this report is based was funded, in part, by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through Cooperative Agreement No. CR827345-01 with WERF. The authors are also grateful to the participating utilities for their technical and administrative support. The authors would like to thank Janie Zeigler for all her assistance in method development and project coordination.
PY - 2008/5/9
Y1 - 2008/5/9
N2 - A method has been developed for the determination of 24 household high production volume (HPV) chemicals in municipal wastewater systems using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analyses using both gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, each with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS). Target compounds include pesticides, antioxidants, fragrances, plasticizers, preservatives and personal care products. Method reporting limits ranged from 0.1 to 100 ng/L in water and recoveries for most compounds were between 54 and 112%. Household HPVs were consistently detected in raw sewage entering three full-scale wastewater treatment plants. Compounds such as vanillin, DEET, benzophenone, 3-indolebutyric acid, bisphenol A, triclosan and triclocarban were detected in all wastewater influent and effluent samples, but were significantly lower in the effluent. Many of the remaining compounds were detected in the influent, but below detection in effluent samples. Menthol and phenoxyethanol had the highest observed concentrations in influent samples ranging from 1.5 to 13 μg/L for menthol, and 8.8 to 22 μg/L for phenoxyethanol. MGK-11, methylresorcinol, trifluralin, hexabromododecane, acriflavin and atrazine were not detected in any samples. The method described here detects a broad range of HPV chemicals with great sensitivity and selectivity.
AB - A method has been developed for the determination of 24 household high production volume (HPV) chemicals in municipal wastewater systems using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analyses using both gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, each with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS). Target compounds include pesticides, antioxidants, fragrances, plasticizers, preservatives and personal care products. Method reporting limits ranged from 0.1 to 100 ng/L in water and recoveries for most compounds were between 54 and 112%. Household HPVs were consistently detected in raw sewage entering three full-scale wastewater treatment plants. Compounds such as vanillin, DEET, benzophenone, 3-indolebutyric acid, bisphenol A, triclosan and triclocarban were detected in all wastewater influent and effluent samples, but were significantly lower in the effluent. Many of the remaining compounds were detected in the influent, but below detection in effluent samples. Menthol and phenoxyethanol had the highest observed concentrations in influent samples ranging from 1.5 to 13 μg/L for menthol, and 8.8 to 22 μg/L for phenoxyethanol. MGK-11, methylresorcinol, trifluralin, hexabromododecane, acriflavin and atrazine were not detected in any samples. The method described here detects a broad range of HPV chemicals with great sensitivity and selectivity.
KW - Gas chromatography
KW - High production volume (HPV) chemicals
KW - Household chemicals
KW - Liquid chromatography
KW - Solid phase extraction
KW - Tandem mass spectrometry
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U2 - 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.032
DO - 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.032
M3 - Article
C2 - 18374930
AN - SCOPUS:42049083993
SN - 0021-9673
VL - 1190
SP - 253
EP - 262
JO - Journal of Chromatography A
JF - Journal of Chromatography A
IS - 1-2
ER -