C²-GAME: Classification of cluster galaxy membership with machine learning

We present Classification of Cluster GAlaxy MEmbers (C²-GAME), a classification algorithm based on a suite of machine learning models that differentiates galaxies into orbiting, infalling, and background (interloper) populations, using phase space information as input. We train and test C²-GAME with the galaxies from UniverseMachine mock catalog based on Multi-Dark Planck 2 N-body simulations. We show that probabilistic classification is superior to deterministic classification in estimating the physical properties of clusters, including density profiles and velocity dispersion. We propose a set of estimators to get an unbiased estimation of cluster properties. We demonstrate that C²-GAME can recover the distribution of orbiting and infalling galaxies’ position and velocity distribution with <1% statistical error when using probabilistic predictions in the presence of interlopers in the projected phase space. Additionally, we demonstrate the robustness of trained models by applying them to a different simulation. Finally, adding a specific star formation rate and the ratio of the galaxy's halo mass to the cluster's halo mass as additional features improves the classification performance. We discuss potential applications of this technique to enhance cluster cosmology and galaxy quenching.