TY - JOUR
T1 - Contrasting wet deposition composition between three diverse islands and coastal North American sites
AU - Ma, Lin
AU - Dadashazar, Hossein
AU - Hilario, Miguel Ricardo A.
AU - Cambaliza, Maria Obiminda
AU - Lorenzo, Genevieve Rose
AU - Simpas, James Bernard
AU - Nguyen, Phu
AU - Sorooshian, Armin
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant 80NSSC19K0442 in support of the ACTIVATE Earth Venture Suborbital-3 (EVS-3) investigation, which is funded by NASA's Earth Science Division and managed through the Earth System Science Pathfinder Program Office. The work was also funded by NASA grant 80NSSC18K0148 in support of the CAMP2Ex investigation. We acknowledge Maricris Laciste and Arcely Viernes for the Philippines dataset as part of a collaboration with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources for the Republic of the Philippines. We acknowledge James Galloway and William Keene for the Bermuda (BTT) dataset and helpful discussion.
Funding Information:
This work was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant 80NSSC19K0442 in support of the ACTIVATE Earth Venture Suborbital-3 (EVS-3) investigation, which is funded by NASA's Earth Science Division and managed through the Earth System Science Pathfinder Program Office. The work was also funded by NASA grant 80NSSC18K0148 in support of the CAMP 2 Ex investigation. We acknowledge Maricris Laciste and Arcely Viernes for the Philippines dataset as part of a collaboration with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources for the Republic of the Philippines. We acknowledge James Galloway and William Keene for the Bermuda (BTT) dataset and helpful discussion.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/1/1
Y1 - 2021/1/1
N2 - This study examined spatial variations of precipitation accumulation and chemistry for six sites located on the West and East Coasts of the U.S., and one site each on the islands of Hawaii, Bermuda, and Luzon of the Philippines (specifically Manila). The nine coastal sites ranged widely in both mean annual precipitation accumulation, ranging from 40 cm (Mauna Loa, Hawaii) to 275 cm (Washington), and in terms of monthly profiles. The three island sites represented the extremes of differences in terms of chemical profiles, with Bermuda having the highest overall ion concentrations driven mainly by sea salt, Hawaii having the highest SO42− mass fractions due to the nearby influence of volcanic SO2 emissions and mid-tropospheric transport of anthropogenic pollution, and Manila exhibiting the highest concentration of non-marine ions (NH4+, non-sea salt [nss] SO42−, nss Ca2+, NO3−, nss K+, nss Na+, nss Mg2+) linked to anthropogenic, biomass burning, and crustal emissions. The Manila site exhibited the most variability in composition throughout the year due to shifting wind directions and having diverse regional and local pollutant sources. In contrast to the three island sites, the North American continental sites exhibited less variability in precipitation composition with sea salt being the most abundant constituent followed by some combination of SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+. The mean-annual pH values ranged from 4.88 (South Carolina) to 5.40 (central California) with NH4+ exhibiting the highest neutralization factors for all sites except Bermuda where dust tracer species (nss Ca2+) exhibited enhanced values. The results of this study highlight the sensitivity of wet deposition chemistry to regional considerations, elevation, time of year, and atmospheric circulations.
AB - This study examined spatial variations of precipitation accumulation and chemistry for six sites located on the West and East Coasts of the U.S., and one site each on the islands of Hawaii, Bermuda, and Luzon of the Philippines (specifically Manila). The nine coastal sites ranged widely in both mean annual precipitation accumulation, ranging from 40 cm (Mauna Loa, Hawaii) to 275 cm (Washington), and in terms of monthly profiles. The three island sites represented the extremes of differences in terms of chemical profiles, with Bermuda having the highest overall ion concentrations driven mainly by sea salt, Hawaii having the highest SO42− mass fractions due to the nearby influence of volcanic SO2 emissions and mid-tropospheric transport of anthropogenic pollution, and Manila exhibiting the highest concentration of non-marine ions (NH4+, non-sea salt [nss] SO42−, nss Ca2+, NO3−, nss K+, nss Na+, nss Mg2+) linked to anthropogenic, biomass burning, and crustal emissions. The Manila site exhibited the most variability in composition throughout the year due to shifting wind directions and having diverse regional and local pollutant sources. In contrast to the three island sites, the North American continental sites exhibited less variability in precipitation composition with sea salt being the most abundant constituent followed by some combination of SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+. The mean-annual pH values ranged from 4.88 (South Carolina) to 5.40 (central California) with NH4+ exhibiting the highest neutralization factors for all sites except Bermuda where dust tracer species (nss Ca2+) exhibited enhanced values. The results of this study highlight the sensitivity of wet deposition chemistry to regional considerations, elevation, time of year, and atmospheric circulations.
KW - ACTIVATE
KW - Acidity
KW - CAMPEx
KW - Neutralization factor
KW - Precipitation chemistry
KW - Wet deposition
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U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117919
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117919
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85091920479
SN - 1352-2310
VL - 244
JO - Atmospheric Environment
JF - Atmospheric Environment
M1 - 117919
ER -