TY - JOUR
T1 - Contamination Level, Source Identification and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Street Dust of an Important Commercial Center in Iran
AU - Keshavarzi, Behnam
AU - Abbasi, Sajjad
AU - Moore, Farid
AU - Mehravar, Soheila
AU - Sorooshian, Armin
AU - Soltani, Naghmeh
AU - Najmeddin, Ali
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge the Shiraz University Research Committee and medical geology research center of Shiraz University for supporting this research. As acknowledges support from Grant 2 P42 ES04940 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Superfund Research Program. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2018/10/1
Y1 - 2018/10/1
N2 - The geochemical nature and health hazards of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the street dust of Bandar Abbas, Iran, are investigated in this study based on 27 street dust samples. Mean concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Sb, and Hg revealed elevated concentrations as compared to the world soil average. Calculated enrichment factors (EFs) indicated that there is very high contamination in dust particles owing to anthropogenic emissions. Two main sources of PTEs are traffic emissions (Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Mn, Fe, As, Cd, Sb, and Hg) and resuspended soil particles (Al, Ti, Ni, and Cr). Statistical analysis shows that Al, Mn, Ni, Ti, Cr, Fe, and Co are geogenic, whereas PAHs are mainly derived from traffic emissions. Values of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), as derived from a modified model of the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), indicate that Bandar Abbas residents are potentially exposed to high cancer risk, especially via dust ingestion and dermal contact, whereas the level of hazard index (HI), hazard quotients (HQ), and cancer risk associated with exposure to the elements in street dust fall lower than threshold values representative of health risks.
AB - The geochemical nature and health hazards of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the street dust of Bandar Abbas, Iran, are investigated in this study based on 27 street dust samples. Mean concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Sb, and Hg revealed elevated concentrations as compared to the world soil average. Calculated enrichment factors (EFs) indicated that there is very high contamination in dust particles owing to anthropogenic emissions. Two main sources of PTEs are traffic emissions (Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Mn, Fe, As, Cd, Sb, and Hg) and resuspended soil particles (Al, Ti, Ni, and Cr). Statistical analysis shows that Al, Mn, Ni, Ti, Cr, Fe, and Co are geogenic, whereas PAHs are mainly derived from traffic emissions. Values of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), as derived from a modified model of the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), indicate that Bandar Abbas residents are potentially exposed to high cancer risk, especially via dust ingestion and dermal contact, whereas the level of hazard index (HI), hazard quotients (HQ), and cancer risk associated with exposure to the elements in street dust fall lower than threshold values representative of health risks.
KW - Bandar Abbas
KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
KW - Potentially toxic elements (PTEs)
KW - Street dust
KW - health risk assessment
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U2 - 10.1007/s00267-018-1079-5
DO - 10.1007/s00267-018-1079-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 30014346
AN - SCOPUS:85049992538
VL - 62
SP - 803
EP - 818
JO - Environmental Management
JF - Environmental Management
SN - 0364-152X
IS - 4
ER -