Comparing Self-Efficacy, Self-Compassion, and Growth Mindset Among Adults With and Witho Traumatic Brain Injury

Purpose: We investigated whether performance on predictors of academachievement, namely, self-efficacy, self-compassion, and growth mindset, diffbetween adults, primarily college students, with a history of traumatic binjury (TBI) and their peers without TBI history. Method: Eighty-nine respondents anonymously completed an online survey thincluded demographic questions and three predictive measures of academachievement: the New General Self-Efficacy Scale (NGSE), the Self-CompassiScale–Short Form (SCS-SF), and the Growth Mindset Scale. An additional participants with TBI from a previous study (Ackley, 2022) were included in data analyses, which compared results between participants with and withouTBI history. Results: At the group level, respondents with a TBI history demonstrated a nificantly higher growth mindset than uninjured peers. An age-and gendmatched comparison of a smaller subsample of college student participaconfirmed the group difference on growth mindset and revealed higher sefficacy scores among the student group with a TBI history. Conclusions: As a group, individuals with TBI did not demonstrate significdifferences on self-efficacy and self-compassion measures relative to uninjurpeers and also demonstrated higher growth mindset. Thus, evidence does support the assumption that these are areas of deficit for individuals with history, which suggests that the NGSE, the SCS-SF, and the Growth MinScale are not meaningful ways of measuring progress during cognitive-linguistreatment in college students who have sustained TBIs unless an individdemonstrates specific deficits in these areas.