Coccidioidomycosis during pregnancy: An analysis of ten cases among 47,120 pregnancies

Previous studies have suggested that coccidioidomycosis during pregnancy is a devastating illness associated with high maternal mortality. However, this concept recently has been challenged. We examined the incidence of coccidioidomycosis during pregnancy in Tucson, Arizona, an area endemic for this infection. After reviewing the records of three separate health care facilities, we found ten cases of coccidioidomycosis among 47,120 pregnancies. Nine of the ten women had no underlying disease. Seven were diagnosed with coccidioidomycosis during either the first or second trimester. Illness resolved in all seven. Three other patients were diagnosed during the first ten days postpartum. While infection was self-limited in one woman, two others developed severe disseminated coccidioidomycosis associated with meningitis. Despite this, there were no maternal deaths. Of eight deliveries, all were uncomplicated and produced healthy infants. In summary, diagnosing coccidioidomycosis during pregnancy is rare. Although we observed no maternal death, our experience suggests that women who develop coccidioidomycosis late in pregnancy are at risk for developing severe disseminated infection.