@article{6de100ebb1a54a7780bed1d6dd6c9f39,
title = "Brain reserve, cognitive reserve, compensation, and maintenance: operationalization, validity, and mechanisms of cognitive resilience",
abstract = "Significant individual differences in the trajectories of cognitive aging and in age-related changes of brain structure and function have been reported in the past half-century. In some individuals, significant pathological changes in the brain are observed in conjunction with relatively well-preserved cognitive performance. Multiple constructs have been invoked to explain this paradox of resilience, including brain reserve, cognitive reserve, brain maintenance, and compensation. The aim of this session of the Cognitive Aging Summit III was to examine the overlap and distinctions in definitions and measurement of these constructs, to discuss their neural and behavioral correlates and to propose plausible mechanisms of individual cognitive resilience in the face of typical age-related neural declines.",
keywords = "Animal models, Cognitive aging, Functional connectivity, MRI, Measurement",
author = "Yaakov Stern and Barnes, {Carol A.} and Cheryl Grady and Jones, {Richard N.} and Naftali Raz",
note = "Funding Information: The authorship order reflects the order of presentations in the session. The Cognitive Aging Summit III was supported by a grant from McKnight Brain Research Foundation to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health. The authors gratefully acknowledge our sources of funding: National Institutes of Health grant R01 AG026158 to YS; National Institutes of Health grants R01 AG003376, R01 AG050548, and McKnight Brain Research Foundation grant to CAB; Canadian Institutes of Health Research grant MOP14036, the Canada Research Chairs program, the Ontario Research Fund, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, and the Heart and Stroke Foundation Centre for Stroke Recovery to CG; National Institutes of Health grant P01 AG031720 to RNJ; and National Institutes of Health grant R01 AG011230 to NR. David Miller, Samuel Thomas, and Nancy Tuvesson of Rose Li and Associates, Inc. provided writing and editorial support for the preparation of this manuscript. Funding Information: The authorship order reflects the order of presentations in the session. The Cognitive Aging Summit III was supported by a grant from McKnight Brain Research Foundation to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health. The authors gratefully acknowledge our sources of funding: National Institutes of Health grant R01 AG026158 to YS; National Institutes of Health grants R01 AG003376 , R01 AG050548 , and McKnight Brain Research Foundation grant to CAB; Canadian Institutes of Health Research grant MOP14036 , the Canada Research Chairs program, the Ontario Research Fund, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, and the Heart and Stroke Foundation Centre for Stroke Recovery to CG; National Institutes of Health grant P01 AG031720 to RNJ; and National Institutes of Health grant R01 AG011230 to NR. David Miller, Samuel Thomas, and Nancy Tuvesson of Rose Li and Associates, Inc. provided writing and editorial support for the preparation of this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2019",
month = nov,
doi = "10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.022",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "83",
pages = "124--129",
journal = "Neurobiology of Aging",
issn = "0197-4580",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
}