TY - JOUR
T1 - Binational Arsenic Exposure Survey
T2 - Methodology and estimated arsenic intake from drinking water and urinary arsenic concentrations
AU - Roberge, Jason
AU - O'Rourke, Mary Kay
AU - Meza-Montenegro, Maria Mercedes
AU - Gutiérrez-Millán, Luis Enrique
AU - Burgess, Jefferey L.
AU - Harris, Robin B.
PY - 2012/4
Y1 - 2012/4
N2 - The Binational Arsenic Exposure Survey (BAsES) was designed to evaluate probable arsenic exposures in selected areas of southern Arizona and northern Mexico, two regions with known elevated levels of arsenic in groundwater reserves. This paper describes the methodology of BAsES and the relationship between estimated arsenic intake from beverages and arsenic output in urine. Households from eight communities were selected for their varying groundwater arsenic concentrations in Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. Adults responded to questionnaires and provided dietary information. A first morning urine void and water from all household drinking sources were collected. Associations between urinary arsenic concentration (total, organic, inorganic) and estimated level of arsenic consumed from water and other beverages were evaluated through crude associations and by random effects models. Median estimated total arsenic intake from beverages among participants from Arizona communities ranged from 1.7 to 14.1 μg/day compared to 0.6 to 3.4 μg/day among those from Mexico communities. In contrast, median urinary inorganic arsenic concentrations were greatest among participants from Hermosillo, Mexico (6.2 μg/L) whereas a high of 2.0 μg/L was found among participants from Ajo, Arizona. Estimated arsenic intake from drinking water was associated with urinary total arsenic concentration (p < 0.001), urinary inorganic arsenic concentration (p < 0.001), and urinary sum of species (p < 0.001). Urinary arsenic concentrations increased between 7% and 12% for each one percent increase in arsenic consumed from drinking water. Variability in arsenic intake from beverages and urinary arsenic output yielded counter intuitive results. Estimated intake of arsenic from all beverages was greatest among Arizonans yet participants in Mexico had higher urinary total and inorganic arsenic concentrations. Other contributors to urinary arsenic concentrations should be evaluated.
AB - The Binational Arsenic Exposure Survey (BAsES) was designed to evaluate probable arsenic exposures in selected areas of southern Arizona and northern Mexico, two regions with known elevated levels of arsenic in groundwater reserves. This paper describes the methodology of BAsES and the relationship between estimated arsenic intake from beverages and arsenic output in urine. Households from eight communities were selected for their varying groundwater arsenic concentrations in Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. Adults responded to questionnaires and provided dietary information. A first morning urine void and water from all household drinking sources were collected. Associations between urinary arsenic concentration (total, organic, inorganic) and estimated level of arsenic consumed from water and other beverages were evaluated through crude associations and by random effects models. Median estimated total arsenic intake from beverages among participants from Arizona communities ranged from 1.7 to 14.1 μg/day compared to 0.6 to 3.4 μg/day among those from Mexico communities. In contrast, median urinary inorganic arsenic concentrations were greatest among participants from Hermosillo, Mexico (6.2 μg/L) whereas a high of 2.0 μg/L was found among participants from Ajo, Arizona. Estimated arsenic intake from drinking water was associated with urinary total arsenic concentration (p < 0.001), urinary inorganic arsenic concentration (p < 0.001), and urinary sum of species (p < 0.001). Urinary arsenic concentrations increased between 7% and 12% for each one percent increase in arsenic consumed from drinking water. Variability in arsenic intake from beverages and urinary arsenic output yielded counter intuitive results. Estimated intake of arsenic from all beverages was greatest among Arizonans yet participants in Mexico had higher urinary total and inorganic arsenic concentrations. Other contributors to urinary arsenic concentrations should be evaluated.
KW - Arsenic
KW - BAsES
KW - Beverages
KW - Intake
KW - Metabolite
KW - Urine
KW - Water
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84860249087&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84860249087&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/ijerph9041051
DO - 10.3390/ijerph9041051
M3 - Article
C2 - 22690182
AN - SCOPUS:84860249087
SN - 1661-7827
VL - 9
SP - 1051
EP - 1067
JO - International journal of environmental research and public health
JF - International journal of environmental research and public health
IS - 4
ER -