@article{cde8cd66cd4f4d34b151fe00f0f2b05f,
title = "Basketry Shields of the Prehispanic Southwest",
abstract = "Indigenous American shield-making traditions are best known among the peoples of the Plains and Southwest cultural provinces, where shields were used in martial and ceremonial contexts. In these regions, shields are frequently represented in images cross-cutting a range of visual media including rock and mural paintings, and pictographs and petroglyphs, some of which exhibit considerable antiquity. Actual shields, however, are almost unknown archaeologically. This article presents new data resulting from an analysis of five coiled basketry shields recovered from archaeological sites in the northern Southwest. Digital image enhancement clarifies the nature of early shield decoration, while evidence for use in combat contributes to knowledge of shield evolution and function. Improved dating suggests the possibility that basketry shields predate the proliferation of shield imagery in the AD 1200s. These observations help reorient discussion of shield form, function, and iconography within the context of wider cultural developments during the AD 1200s and beyond.",
keywords = "Ancestral Pueblo, Basketry, bow and arrow, iconography, rock art, shield, warfare, weaponry",
author = "Jolie, {Edward A.}",
note = "Funding Information: The research presented in this work was facilitated by funding from National Science Foundation dissertation improvement grant BCS-0853134, NSF Grant BCS-0520579 to Paul Reed, Laurie Webster, and Jeffery Clark (for work on Aztec Ruins basketry), and a Mellon Doctoral Fellowship at the University of New Mexico. The many individuals and institutions acknowledged in my dissertation deserve thanks here, too, and so I offer it again with sincerity. In particular, I thank again my committee, consisting of Drs. Patricia Crown, Chip Wills, Laurie Webster, and Tim Lowrey, for their support. My museum research was facilitated, and made infinitely more enjoyable than it might otherwise have been, by the following: Dr. David Hurst Thomas and Anibal Rodriguez at the American Museum of Natural History; David Rosenthal at the Smithsonian{\textquoteright}s National Museum of Natural History; Gary Brown, then of Aztec Ruins National Monument; and Bridget Ambler and Sheila Goff, then of History Colorado. Drs. Glenna Nielsen-Grimm and Michelle Knoll, Natural History Museum of Utah, kindly made the Batwoman House material available to me. All museum specimens were studied in accordance with the appropriate institutional policies on NAGPRA at the time of data collection. Additional thanks are due to Polly Schaafsma for sharing references and data, Thomas C. Windes for providing Figure 4, Dr. Will G. Russell for his efforts working with me on the shield decoration reconstructions, Scott Nicolay for various discussions and references to Mimbres iconography, Dr. Ruth B. Jolie for assistance with manuscript preparation, and Dr. Michael M. Brescia for editing the Spanish abstract. Four anonymous reviewers enhanced the clarity and quality of the final manuscript. The DStretch software plugin was developed by Jon Harman and is available at dstretch.com. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright {\textcopyright} 2022 Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. All rights reserved.",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.1080/00231940.2022.2086400",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "88",
pages = "453--488",
journal = "KIVA",
issn = "0023-1940",
publisher = "Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society",
number = "4",
}