@article{f37aa84feac64d95b0341577487a17b8,
title = "Baseline serum estradiol and fracture reduction during treatment with hormone therapy: The Women's Health Initiative randomized trial",
abstract = "Introduction: The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that the reduction in fractures with hormone therapy (HT) is greater in women with lower estradiol levels. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study within the Women's Health Initiative HT Trials. The sample included 231 hip fracture case-control pairs and a random sample of 519 all fracture case-control pairs. Cases and controls were matched for age, ethnicity, randomization date, fracture history, and hysterectomy status. Hormones were measured prior to randomization. Incident cases of fracture were identified over an average follow-up of 6.53 years. Results: There was no evidence that the effect of HT on fracture differed by baseline estradiol (E2) or sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Across all quartiles of E2 and SHBG, women randomized to HT had about a 50% lower risk of fracture, including hip fracture, compared to placebo. Conclusion: The effect of HT on fracture reduction is independent of estradiol and SHBG levels.",
keywords = "Fracture, Hormone therapy, Sex steroid hormones, Women's Health Initiative",
author = "Cauley, {J. A.} and Lacroix, {A. Z.} and Robbins, {J. A.} and J. Larson and R. Wallace and J. Wactawski-Wende and Z. Chen and Bauer, {D. C.} and Cummings, {S. R.} and R. Jackson",
note = "Funding Information: The WHI program is funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The sponsor played a role in the design and analysis of the WHI. Additional support for these analyses was provided by US Public Health Service Research grants AR053105 and AR048919. Funding Information: Dr. Cauley has received research support from Merck & Co, Inc, Eli Lilly & Co., Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, and Novartis Pharmaceuticals. She has also received consulting fees Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Dr LaCroix serves as a consultant to Procter & Gamble and receives research grant support from Pfizer and the Alliance for Better Bone Health. Dr. Wactawski-Wende was a paid consultant on a workshop for Johnson & Johnson and has served on the speaker's bureau for Merck & Co., Inc. Dr. Bauer has received research support from Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Proctor & Gamble Pharmaceutical Co., and Merck & Co., Inc. Dr. Cummings receives research support from Amgen, Pfizer, Novartis, and Eli Lilly and Co. and consulting fees or honoraria from Eli Lilly and Co., Zelos, Merck and Co., Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Procter & Gamble, and Aventis. Dr. Jackson has received research support from and is on the speaker's bureau for Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, has received research and conference support from Novartis, and has received an honorarium as a Continuing Medical Education speaker for Aventis/Alliance for Better Bone Health. Dr. Wallace serves on the Data Monitoring Committees for Clinical Trials sponsored by Novartis Pharmaceuticals and Merck and Co. Dr. Chen receives research support from Eli Lilly and Co. Drs. Robbins and Larson have no conflicts to report.",
year = "2010",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1007/s00198-009-0953-7",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "21",
pages = "167--177",
journal = "Osteoporosis International",
issn = "0937-941X",
publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",
number = "1",
}