Automatic discontinuity characterization of rock faces using 3D laser scanners and digital imaging

Methods of automatically extracting rock discontinuity orientations from digital images and 3D models generated using current laser scanning technology are under development. Using a series of image processing algorithms, fracture traces can be delineated from digital images of exposed rock surfaces and in turn, used to determine discontinuity data. Field studies suggest that the discontinuity data collected from digital images compares favorably to data collected using more traditional manual methods. Algorithms for the processing of raw point clouds, created by laser scanning exposed rock surfaces, have been developed. A novel method of triangular mesh generation rapidly creates a 3D model of the scanned surface. The triangular elements of the mesh are grouped together using their normals as a similarity measure, resulting in the identification of larger fracture patches that represent discontinuity surfaces. Refinement and validation of this process has been initiated through a series of field studies. Additional algorithms that expand the application of automated rock mass characterization using digital images and 3D laser scans are under development, with the ultimate goal of creating a software package integrating both technologies and adaptable to any field requiring rock discontinuity analysis.