Association of vaccine intention against COVID-19 using the 5C Scale and its constructs: a Pima County, Arizona cross-sectional survey

Maiya G.Block Ngaybe, Namoonga Mantina, Benjamin Pope, Veena Raghuraman, Jacob Marczak, Sonja Velickovic, Dominique Jordan, Mary Kinkade, Carlos Mario Perez-Velez, Beatrice J. Krauss, Shailesh M. Advani, Melanie Bell, Purnima Madhivanan

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background: Vaccine hesitancy has been ranked as one of the top 10 threats to global health by the World Health Organization. The 5C model (Confidence, Calculation of risk, Complacency, Collective Responsibility, and Constraints) and an accompanying tool to measure vaccine hesitancy, summarize several significant explanatory variables, and move beyond the most common explanatory variable, Confidence. Methods: From January to May 2021, we administered a cross-sectional survey among adults in Pima County, Arizona in collaboration with the local health department to assess psychological antecedents to (i.e., psychological factors that lead to) COVID-19 vaccination using the 5C Scale. Participants were recruited virtually for the survey using multiple recruitment methods. Unadjusted and adjusted hierarchical ordinal logistic regressions were conducted to determine if the 5C variables had an association with intention to vaccinate (or intent to vaccinate) against COVID-19. Results: Of the 1,823 participants who responded to the survey, 924 (76%) were included in the final analyses. Respondents were White (71%), non-Hispanic (59%), Female (68%), Liberal (37%) and Married (46%). The average age of the participants was 43.9 (±1.3) years. Based on the 5C Scale, Confidence (adjOR:3.64, CI [3.08-4.29]), Collective Responsibility (adjOR:1.94, CI [1.57-2.39]) and Complacency (adjOR:0.64, CI [0.51-0.80]) were significantly associated with intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Conclusion: Three of the five 5C variables were associated with the intention to vaccinate, two positively and one negatively. A limitation of the study was that the sample was not weighted to be representative of Pima County. Future research should focus on determining which interventions can bolster Confidence and Collective Responsibility attitudes in communities, while dampening Complacency, to better promote vaccine uptake.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numbere18316
JournalPeerJ
Volume12
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - 2024

Keywords

  • Acceptability
  • COVID-19
  • COVID-19 vaccine
  • Intentions
  • Patient acceptance of health care
  • Vaccination
  • Vaccination refusal

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Neuroscience
  • General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • General Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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