TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of collective production of biomethane from livestock waste for urban transportation mobility in Brazil and the United States
AU - Pasqual, Janaina Camile
AU - Bollmann, Harry Alberto
AU - Scott, Christopher A.
AU - Edwiges, Thiago
AU - Baptista, Thais Carlini
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: The authors gratefully acknowledge the International Center of Renewable Energies—Biogas and the International Center of Hydroinformatics for the data availability, the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for funding. In addition, partial support for the participation of Christopher Scott was made possible by the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI, project CRN3056, which is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Grant GEO-1128040), the Lloyd’s Register Foundation (a charitable foundation helping to protect life and property by supporting engineering-related education, public engagement and the application of research), and the Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation.
Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge the International Center of Renewable Energies-Biogas and the International Center of Hydroinformatics for the data availability, the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for funding. In addition, partial support for the participation of Christopher Scott was made possible by the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI, project CRN3056, which is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Grant GEO-1128040), the Lloyd's Register Foundation (a charitable foundation helping to protect life and property by supporting engineering-related education, public engagement and the application of research), and the Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 by the authors.
PY - 2018/4
Y1 - 2018/4
N2 - Water, energy, and food are essential elements for human life, but face constant pressure resulting from economic development, climate change, and other global processes. Predictions of rapid economic growth, increasing population, and urbanization in the coming decades point to rapidly increasing demand for all three. In this context, improved management of the interactions among water, energy, and food requires an integrated “nexus” approach. This paper focuses on a specific nexus case: biogas generated from organic waste, a renewable source of energy created in livestock production, which can have water-quality impacts if waste enters water bodies. An innovative model is presented to make biogas and biomethane systems feasible, termed “biogas condominiums” (based on collective action given that small- and medium-scale farms on their own cannot afford the necessary investments). Based on the “farm to fuel” concept, animal waste and manure are converted into electrical and thermal energy, biofuel for transportation, and high-quality biofertilizer. This nexus approach provides multiple economic, environmental, and social benefits in both rural and urban areas, including reduction of ground and surface water pollution, decrease of fossil fuels dependence, and mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions, among others. The research finds that biogas condominiums create benefits for the whole biogas supply chain, which includes farmers, agroindustry, input providers, and local communities. The study estimated that biomethane potential in Brazil could substitute the country's entire diesel and gasoline imports as well as 44% of the total diesel demand. In the United States, biomethane potential can meet 16% of diesel demand and significantly diversify the energy matrix.
AB - Water, energy, and food are essential elements for human life, but face constant pressure resulting from economic development, climate change, and other global processes. Predictions of rapid economic growth, increasing population, and urbanization in the coming decades point to rapidly increasing demand for all three. In this context, improved management of the interactions among water, energy, and food requires an integrated “nexus” approach. This paper focuses on a specific nexus case: biogas generated from organic waste, a renewable source of energy created in livestock production, which can have water-quality impacts if waste enters water bodies. An innovative model is presented to make biogas and biomethane systems feasible, termed “biogas condominiums” (based on collective action given that small- and medium-scale farms on their own cannot afford the necessary investments). Based on the “farm to fuel” concept, animal waste and manure are converted into electrical and thermal energy, biofuel for transportation, and high-quality biofertilizer. This nexus approach provides multiple economic, environmental, and social benefits in both rural and urban areas, including reduction of ground and surface water pollution, decrease of fossil fuels dependence, and mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions, among others. The research finds that biogas condominiums create benefits for the whole biogas supply chain, which includes farmers, agroindustry, input providers, and local communities. The study estimated that biomethane potential in Brazil could substitute the country's entire diesel and gasoline imports as well as 44% of the total diesel demand. In the United States, biomethane potential can meet 16% of diesel demand and significantly diversify the energy matrix.
KW - Biomethane
KW - Greenhouse gas emissions
KW - Renewable energy
KW - Urban mobility
KW - Water-energy-food nexus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85053115596&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85053115596&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/en11040997
DO - 10.3390/en11040997
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85053115596
VL - 11
JO - Energies
JF - Energies
SN - 1996-1073
IS - 4
M1 - en11040997
ER -