Application of k-space energy spectrum analysis for inherent and dynamic B₀ mapping and deblurring in spiral imaging

Spiral imaging is vulnerable to spatial and temporal variations of the amplitude of the static magnetic field (B₀) caused by susceptibility effects, eddy currents, chemical shifts, subject motion, physiological noise, and system instabilities, resulting in image blurring. Here, a novel off-resonance correction method is proposed to address these issues. A k-space energy spectrum analysis algorithm is first applied to inherently and dynamically generate a B₀ map from the k-space data at each time point, without requiring any additional data acquisition, pulse sequence modification, or phase unwrapping. A simulated phase evolution rewinding algorithm and an automatic residual deblurring algorithm are then used to correct for the blurring caused by both spatial and temporal B₀ variations, resulting in a high spatial and temporal fidelity. This method is validated against conventional B₀ mapping and deblurring methods, and its advantages for dynamic MRI applications are demonstrated in functional MRI studies.