Apophis Planetary Defense Campaign

Vishnu Reddy; Michael S. Kelley; Jessie Dotson; Davide Farnocchia; Nicolas Erasmus; David Polishook; Joseph Masiero; Lance A.M. Benner; James Bauer; Miguel R. Alarcon; David Balam; Daniel Bamberger; David Bell; Fabrizio Barnardi; Terry H. Bressi; Marina Brozovic; Melissa J. Brucker; Luca Buzzi; Juan Cano; David Cantillo; Ramona Cennamo; Serge Chastel; Omarov Chingis; Young Jun Choi; Eric Christensen; Larry Denneau; Marek Dróżdż; Leonid Elenin; Orhan Erece; Laura Faggioli; Carmelo Falco; Dmitry Glamazda; Filippo Graziani; Aren N. Heinze; Matthew J. Holman; Alexander Ivanov; Cristovao Jacques; Petro Janse van Rensburg; Galina Kaiser; Krzysztof Kamiński; Monika K. Kamińska; Murat Kaplan; Dong Heun Kim; Myung Jin Kim; Csaba Kiss; Tatiana Kokina; Eduard Kuznetsov; Jeffrey A. Larsen; Hee Jae Lee; Robert C. Lees; Julia de León; Javier Licandro; Amy Mainzer; Anna Marciniak; Michael Marsset; Ron A. Mastaler; Donovan L. Mathias; Robert S. McMillan; Hissa Medeiros; Marco Micheli; Artem Mokhnatkin; Hong Kyu Moon; David Morate; Shantanu P. Naidu; Alessandro Nastasi; Artem Novichonok; Waldemar Ogłoza; András Pál; Fabricio Pérez-Toledo; Alexander Perminov; Elisabeta Petrescu; Marcel Popescu; Mike T. Read; Daniel E. Reichart; Inna Reva; Dong Goo Roh; Clemens Rumpf; Akash Satpathy; Sergei Schmalz; James V. Scotti; Aleksander Serebryanskiy; Miquel Serra-Ricart; Eda Sonbas; Robert Szakáts; Patrick A. Taylor; John L. Tonry; Andrew F. Tubbiolo; Peter Veres; Richard Wainscoat; Elizabeth Warner; Henry J. Weiland; Guy Wells; Robert Weryk; Lorien F. Wheeler; Yulia Wiebe; Hong Suh Yim; Michał Żejmo; Anastasiya Zhornichenko; Stanisław Zoła; Patrick Michel

doi:10.3847/PSJ/ac66eb

Apophis Planetary Defense Campaign

Vishnu Reddy, Michael S. Kelley, Jessie Dotson, Davide Farnocchia, Nicolas Erasmus, David Polishook, Joseph Masiero, Lance A.M. Benner, James Bauer, Miguel R. Alarcon, David Balam, Daniel Bamberger, David Bell, Fabrizio Barnardi, Terry H. Bressi, Marina Brozovic, Melissa J. Brucker, Luca Buzzi, Juan Cano, David CantilloRamona Cennamo, Serge Chastel, Omarov Chingis, Young Jun Choi, Eric Christensen, Larry Denneau, Marek Dróżdż, Leonid Elenin, Orhan Erece, Laura Faggioli, Carmelo Falco, Dmitry Glamazda, Filippo Graziani, Aren N. Heinze, Matthew J. Holman, Alexander Ivanov, Cristovao Jacques, Petro Janse van Rensburg, Galina Kaiser, Krzysztof Kamiński, Monika K. Kamińska, Murat Kaplan, Dong Heun Kim, Myung Jin Kim, Csaba Kiss, Tatiana Kokina, Eduard Kuznetsov, Jeffrey A. Larsen, Hee Jae Lee, Robert C. Lees, Julia de León, Javier Licandro, Amy Mainzer, Anna Marciniak, Michael Marsset, Ron A. Mastaler, Donovan L. Mathias, Robert S. McMillan, Hissa Medeiros, Marco Micheli, Artem Mokhnatkin, Hong Kyu Moon, David Morate, Shantanu P. Naidu, Alessandro Nastasi, Artem Novichonok, Waldemar Ogłoza, András Pál, Fabricio Pérez-Toledo, Alexander Perminov, Elisabeta Petrescu, Marcel Popescu, Mike T. Read, Daniel E. Reichart, Inna Reva, Dong Goo Roh, Clemens Rumpf, Akash Satpathy, Sergei Schmalz, James V. Scotti, Aleksander Serebryanskiy, Miquel Serra-Ricart, Eda Sonbas, Robert Szakáts, Patrick A. Taylor, John L. Tonry, Andrew F. Tubbiolo, Peter Veres, Richard Wainscoat, Elizabeth Warner, Henry J. Weiland, Guy Wells, Robert Weryk, Lorien F. Wheeler, Yulia Wiebe, Hong Suh Yim, Michał Żejmo, Anastasiya Zhornichenko, Stanisław Zoła, Patrick Michel

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Abstract

We describe results of a planetary defense exercise conducted during the close approach to Earth by the near-Earth asteroid (99942) Apophis during 2020 December–2021 March. The planetary defense community has been conducting observational campaigns since 2017 to test the operational readiness of the global planetary defense capabilities. These community-led global exercises were carried out with the support of NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office and the International Asteroid Warning Network. The Apophis campaign is the third in our series of planetary defense exercises. The goal of this campaign was to recover, track, and characterize Apophis as a potential impactor to exercise the planetary defense system including observations, hypothetical risk assessment and risk prediction, and hazard communication. Based on the campaign results, we present lessons learned about our ability to observe and model a potential impactor. Data products derived from astrometric observations were available for inclusion in our risk assessment model almost immediately, allowing real-time updates to the impact probability calculation and possible impact locations. An early NEOWISE diameter measurement provided a significant improvement in the uncertainty on the range of hypothetical impact outcomes. The availability of different characterization methods such as photometry, spectroscopy, and radar provided robustness to our ability to assess the potential impact risk.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	123
Journal	Planetary Science Journal
Volume	3
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ac66eb
State	Published - May 1 2022

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Geophysics
Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
Space and Planetary Science

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10.3847/PSJ/ac66eb

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Reddy, V., Kelley, M. S., Dotson, J., Farnocchia, D., Erasmus, N., Polishook, D., Masiero, J., Benner, L. A. M., Bauer, J., Alarcon, M. R., Balam, D., Bamberger, D., Bell, D., Barnardi, F., Bressi, T. H., Brozovic, M., Brucker, M. J., Buzzi, L., Cano, J., ... Michel, P. (2022). Apophis Planetary Defense Campaign. Planetary Science Journal, 3(5), Article 123. https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ac66eb

Reddy, V, Kelley, MS, Dotson, J, Farnocchia, D, Erasmus, N, Polishook, D, Masiero, J, Benner, LAM, Bauer, J, Alarcon, MR, Balam, D, Bamberger, D, Bell, D, Barnardi, F, Bressi, TH, Brozovic, M, Brucker, MJ, Buzzi, L, Cano, J, Cantillo, D, Cennamo, R, Chastel, S, Chingis, O, Choi, YJ, Christensen, E, Denneau, L, Dróżdż, M, Elenin, L, Erece, O, Faggioli, L, Falco, C, Glamazda, D, Graziani, F, Heinze, AN, Holman, MJ, Ivanov, A, Jacques, C, van Rensburg, PJ, Kaiser, G, Kamiński, K, Kamińska, MK, Kaplan, M, Kim, DH, Kim, MJ, Kiss, C, Kokina, T, Kuznetsov, E, Larsen, JA, Lee, HJ, Lees, RC, de León, J, Licandro, J, Mainzer, A, Marciniak, A, Marsset, M, Mastaler, RA, Mathias, DL, McMillan, RS, Medeiros, H, Micheli, M, Mokhnatkin, A, Moon, HK, Morate, D, Naidu, SP, Nastasi, A, Novichonok, A, Ogłoza, W, Pál, A, Pérez-Toledo, F, Perminov, A, Petrescu, E, Popescu, M, Read, MT, Reichart, DE, Reva, I, Roh, DG, Rumpf, C, Satpathy, A, Schmalz, S, Scotti, JV, Serebryanskiy, A, Serra-Ricart, M, Sonbas, E, Szakáts, R, Taylor, PA, Tonry, JL, Tubbiolo, AF, Veres, P, Wainscoat, R, Warner, E, Weiland, HJ, Wells, G, Weryk, R, Wheeler, LF, Wiebe, Y, Yim, HS, Żejmo, M, Zhornichenko, A, Zoła, S & Michel, P 2022, 'Apophis Planetary Defense Campaign', Planetary Science Journal, vol. 3, no. 5, 123. https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ac66eb

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title = "Apophis Planetary Defense Campaign",

abstract = "We describe results of a planetary defense exercise conducted during the close approach to Earth by the near-Earth asteroid (99942) Apophis during 2020 December–2021 March. The planetary defense community has been conducting observational campaigns since 2017 to test the operational readiness of the global planetary defense capabilities. These community-led global exercises were carried out with the support of NASA{\textquoteright}s Planetary Defense Coordination Office and the International Asteroid Warning Network. The Apophis campaign is the third in our series of planetary defense exercises. The goal of this campaign was to recover, track, and characterize Apophis as a potential impactor to exercise the planetary defense system including observations, hypothetical risk assessment and risk prediction, and hazard communication. Based on the campaign results, we present lessons learned about our ability to observe and model a potential impactor. Data products derived from astrometric observations were available for inclusion in our risk assessment model almost immediately, allowing real-time updates to the impact probability calculation and possible impact locations. An early NEOWISE diameter measurement provided a significant improvement in the uncertainty on the range of hypothetical impact outcomes. The availability of different characterization methods such as photometry, spectroscopy, and radar provided robustness to our ability to assess the potential impact risk.",

author = "Vishnu Reddy and Kelley, {Michael S.} and Jessie Dotson and Davide Farnocchia and Nicolas Erasmus and David Polishook and Joseph Masiero and Benner, {Lance A.M.} and James Bauer and Alarcon, {Miguel R.} and David Balam and Daniel Bamberger and David Bell and Fabrizio Barnardi and Bressi, {Terry H.} and Marina Brozovic and Brucker, {Melissa J.} and Luca Buzzi and Juan Cano and David Cantillo and Ramona Cennamo and Serge Chastel and Omarov Chingis and Choi, {Young Jun} and Eric Christensen and Larry Denneau and Marek Dr{\'o}{\.z}d{\.z} and Leonid Elenin and Orhan Erece and Laura Faggioli and Carmelo Falco and Dmitry Glamazda and Filippo Graziani and Heinze, {Aren N.} and Holman, {Matthew J.} and Alexander Ivanov and Cristovao Jacques and {van Rensburg}, {Petro Janse} and Galina Kaiser and Krzysztof Kami{\'n}ski and Kami{\'n}ska, {Monika K.} and Murat Kaplan and Kim, {Dong Heun} and Kim, {Myung Jin} and Csaba Kiss and Tatiana Kokina and Eduard Kuznetsov and Larsen, {Jeffrey A.} and Lee, {Hee Jae} and Lees, {Robert C.} and {de Le{\'o}n}, Julia and Javier Licandro and Amy Mainzer and Anna Marciniak and Michael Marsset and Mastaler, {Ron A.} and Mathias, {Donovan L.} and McMillan, {Robert S.} and Hissa Medeiros and Marco Micheli and Artem Mokhnatkin and Moon, {Hong Kyu} and David Morate and Naidu, {Shantanu P.} and Alessandro Nastasi and Artem Novichonok and Waldemar Og{\l}oza and Andr{\'a}s P{\'a}l and Fabricio P{\'e}rez-Toledo and Alexander Perminov and Elisabeta Petrescu and Marcel Popescu and Read, {Mike T.} and Reichart, {Daniel E.} and Inna Reva and Roh, {Dong Goo} and Clemens Rumpf and Akash Satpathy and Sergei Schmalz and Scotti, {James V.} and Aleksander Serebryanskiy and Miquel Serra-Ricart and Eda Sonbas and Robert Szak{\'a}ts and Taylor, {Patrick A.} and Tonry, {John L.} and Tubbiolo, {Andrew F.} and Peter Veres and Richard Wainscoat and Elizabeth Warner and Weiland, {Henry J.} and Guy Wells and Robert Weryk and Wheeler, {Lorien F.} and Yulia Wiebe and Yim, {Hong Suh} and Micha{\l} {\.Z}ejmo and Anastasiya Zhornichenko and Stanis{\l}aw Zo{\l}a and Patrick Michel",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2022",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/PSJ/ac66eb",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "3",

journal = "Planetary Science Journal",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Apophis Planetary Defense Campaign

AU - Reddy, Vishnu

AU - Kelley, Michael S.

AU - Dotson, Jessie

AU - Farnocchia, Davide

AU - Erasmus, Nicolas

AU - Polishook, David

AU - Masiero, Joseph

AU - Benner, Lance A.M.

AU - Bauer, James

AU - Alarcon, Miguel R.

AU - Balam, David

AU - Bamberger, Daniel

AU - Bell, David

AU - Barnardi, Fabrizio

AU - Bressi, Terry H.

AU - Brozovic, Marina

AU - Brucker, Melissa J.

AU - Buzzi, Luca

AU - Cano, Juan

AU - Cantillo, David

AU - Cennamo, Ramona

AU - Chastel, Serge

AU - Chingis, Omarov

AU - Choi, Young Jun

AU - Christensen, Eric

AU - Denneau, Larry

AU - Dróżdż, Marek

AU - Elenin, Leonid

AU - Erece, Orhan

AU - Faggioli, Laura

AU - Falco, Carmelo

AU - Glamazda, Dmitry

AU - Graziani, Filippo

AU - Heinze, Aren N.

AU - Holman, Matthew J.

AU - Ivanov, Alexander

AU - Jacques, Cristovao

AU - van Rensburg, Petro Janse

AU - Kaiser, Galina

AU - Kamiński, Krzysztof

AU - Kamińska, Monika K.

AU - Kaplan, Murat

AU - Kim, Dong Heun

AU - Kim, Myung Jin

AU - Kiss, Csaba

AU - Kokina, Tatiana

AU - Kuznetsov, Eduard

AU - Larsen, Jeffrey A.

AU - Lee, Hee Jae

AU - Lees, Robert C.

AU - de León, Julia

AU - Licandro, Javier

AU - Mainzer, Amy

AU - Marciniak, Anna

AU - Marsset, Michael

AU - Mastaler, Ron A.

AU - Mathias, Donovan L.

AU - McMillan, Robert S.

AU - Medeiros, Hissa

AU - Micheli, Marco

AU - Mokhnatkin, Artem

AU - Moon, Hong Kyu

AU - Morate, David

AU - Naidu, Shantanu P.

AU - Nastasi, Alessandro

AU - Novichonok, Artem

AU - Ogłoza, Waldemar

AU - Pál, András

AU - Pérez-Toledo, Fabricio

AU - Perminov, Alexander

AU - Petrescu, Elisabeta

AU - Popescu, Marcel

AU - Read, Mike T.

AU - Reichart, Daniel E.

AU - Reva, Inna

AU - Roh, Dong Goo

AU - Rumpf, Clemens

AU - Satpathy, Akash

AU - Schmalz, Sergei

AU - Scotti, James V.

AU - Serebryanskiy, Aleksander

AU - Serra-Ricart, Miquel

AU - Sonbas, Eda

AU - Szakáts, Robert

AU - Taylor, Patrick A.

AU - Tonry, John L.

AU - Tubbiolo, Andrew F.

AU - Veres, Peter

AU - Wainscoat, Richard

AU - Warner, Elizabeth

AU - Weiland, Henry J.

AU - Wells, Guy

AU - Weryk, Robert

AU - Wheeler, Lorien F.

AU - Wiebe, Yulia

AU - Yim, Hong Suh

AU - Żejmo, Michał

AU - Zhornichenko, Anastasiya

AU - Zoła, Stanisław

AU - Michel, Patrick

PY - 2022/5/1

Y1 - 2022/5/1

N2 - We describe results of a planetary defense exercise conducted during the close approach to Earth by the near-Earth asteroid (99942) Apophis during 2020 December–2021 March. The planetary defense community has been conducting observational campaigns since 2017 to test the operational readiness of the global planetary defense capabilities. These community-led global exercises were carried out with the support of NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office and the International Asteroid Warning Network. The Apophis campaign is the third in our series of planetary defense exercises. The goal of this campaign was to recover, track, and characterize Apophis as a potential impactor to exercise the planetary defense system including observations, hypothetical risk assessment and risk prediction, and hazard communication. Based on the campaign results, we present lessons learned about our ability to observe and model a potential impactor. Data products derived from astrometric observations were available for inclusion in our risk assessment model almost immediately, allowing real-time updates to the impact probability calculation and possible impact locations. An early NEOWISE diameter measurement provided a significant improvement in the uncertainty on the range of hypothetical impact outcomes. The availability of different characterization methods such as photometry, spectroscopy, and radar provided robustness to our ability to assess the potential impact risk.

AB - We describe results of a planetary defense exercise conducted during the close approach to Earth by the near-Earth asteroid (99942) Apophis during 2020 December–2021 March. The planetary defense community has been conducting observational campaigns since 2017 to test the operational readiness of the global planetary defense capabilities. These community-led global exercises were carried out with the support of NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office and the International Asteroid Warning Network. The Apophis campaign is the third in our series of planetary defense exercises. The goal of this campaign was to recover, track, and characterize Apophis as a potential impactor to exercise the planetary defense system including observations, hypothetical risk assessment and risk prediction, and hazard communication. Based on the campaign results, we present lessons learned about our ability to observe and model a potential impactor. Data products derived from astrometric observations were available for inclusion in our risk assessment model almost immediately, allowing real-time updates to the impact probability calculation and possible impact locations. An early NEOWISE diameter measurement provided a significant improvement in the uncertainty on the range of hypothetical impact outcomes. The availability of different characterization methods such as photometry, spectroscopy, and radar provided robustness to our ability to assess the potential impact risk.

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U2 - 10.3847/PSJ/ac66eb

DO - 10.3847/PSJ/ac66eb

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85143151469

SN - 2632-3338

VL - 3

JO - Planetary Science Journal

JF - Planetary Science Journal

IS - 5

M1 - 123

ER -

Apophis Planetary Defense Campaign

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