Analysis of K-ras gene mutations in malignant and nonmalignant endobronchial tissue obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy

Using polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification, we identified K-ras oncogene mutations in bronchial biopsies obtained from patients undergoing bronchoscopy for clinical indications. We hypothesized that these mutations would be found in a field encompassing malignant and nonmalignant tissues in patients with pulmonary carcinomas, and also possibly in tissue from some patients who smoked but did not have pulmonary malignancy. We found K-ras mutations in endobronchial biopsies from nine of 22 patients (41%) with carcinoma of the lung. In five of these patients, mutations were found in both malignant and nonmalignant specimens. In two instances, mutations were found only in the neoplastic tissue, and in two cases mutations were present only in the nonmalignant tissue. Furthermore, we identified two patients with K-ras mutations among seven patients in whom no clinical malignancy was apparent. Our data suggest that some oncogene activations may occur over a broad area in smokers with and without malignancy, and they imply that K-ras mutations may serve as surrogate markers for malignant potential.