@article{243edea74fcf44f1bbc3e1c0e12c64d7,
title = "Amblyopia in astigmatic children: Patterns of deficits",
abstract = "Neural changes that result from disruption of normal visual experience during development are termed amblyopia. To characterize visual deficits specific to astigmatism-related amblyopia, we compared best-corrected visual performance in 330 astigmatic and 475 non-astigmatic kindergarten through 6th grade children. Astigmatism was associated with deficits in letter, grating and vernier acuity, high and middle spatial frequency contrast sensitivity, and stereoacuity. Although grating acuity, vernier acuity, and contrast sensitivity were reduced across stimulus orientation, astigmats demonstrated orientation-dependent deficits (meridional amblyopia) only for grating acuity. Astigmatic children are at risk for deficits across a range of visual functions.",
keywords = "Amblyopia, Astigmatism, Children",
author = "Harvey, {Erin M.} and Velma Dobson and Miller, {Joseph M.} and Clifford-Donaldson, {Candice E.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the National Institutes of Health National Eye Institute{\textquoteright}s (NIH/NEI) Data Monitoring Committee for their comments (Maureen Maguire, Ph.D. (former chair), Robert Hardy, Ph.D. (current chair), Donald Everett, M.A., Jonathan Holmes, M.D., Cynthia Norris, and Karla Zadnik, Ph.D., O.D.). The authors thank the following for their help and support in conducting this study: The Tohono O{\textquoteright}odham Nation, The Indian Oasis/Baboquivari School District, the Bureau of Indian Affairs Office of Indian Education Programs (BIA OIEP, Papago/Pima Agency), the San Xavier Mission School, and the parents and children who participated in the study. This work was supported by NIH/NEI Grants EY11155 (JMM) and EY13153 (EMH), and funds from Research to Prevent Blindness (unrestricted funds to the University of Arizona Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science (JMM), a Walter E. and Lilly Disney Award for Amblyopia Research (JMM), and a Career Development Award (EMH)).",
year = "2007",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1016/j.visres.2006.11.008",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "47",
pages = "315--326",
journal = "Vision Research",
issn = "0042-6989",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",
number = "3",
}