TY - JOUR
T1 - AGN Selection and Demographics in GOODS-S/HUDF from X-Ray to Radio
AU - Lyu, Jianwei
AU - Alberts, Stacey
AU - Rieke, George H
AU - Rujopakarn, Wiphu
N1 - Funding Information:
We appreciate the comments and suggestions from the anonymous referee. This work was supported by NASA grants NNX13AD82G and 1255094. This work is partly based on observations taken by the 3D-HST Treasury Program (HST-GO-12177 and HST-GO-12328) with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
PY - 2022/12/1
Y1 - 2022/12/1
N2 - We present a comprehensive census of the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the GOODS-S/HUDF region from the X-ray to the radio, covering both the obscured and unobscured populations. This work includes a robust analysis of the source optical to mid-IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) featuring (semi)empirical AGN and galaxy dust emission models and Bayesian fitting techniques, ultra-deep Very Large Array 3 and 6 GHz observations, and an integrated analysis of various AGN selection techniques, including X-ray properties, UV to mid-IR SED analysis, optical spectral features, mid-IR colors, radio-loudness and spectral slope, and AGN variability. In total, we report ∼900 AGNs over the ∼170 arcmin2 3D-HST GOODS-S footprint, which has doubled the AGN number identified in the previous X-ray sample, with ∼26% of our sample undetected in the deepest Chandra image. With a summary of AGN demographics from different selection methods, we find that no one single band or technique comes close to selecting a complete AGN sample despite the great depth of the data in GOODS-S/HUDF. We estimate the yields of various approaches and explore the reasons for incompleteness. We characterize the statistical properties, such as source number density, obscuration fraction, and luminosity function of the AGN sample in this field, and discuss their immediate implications. We also provide some qualitative predictions of the AGN sample that might be discovered by the upcoming JWST surveys.
AB - We present a comprehensive census of the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the GOODS-S/HUDF region from the X-ray to the radio, covering both the obscured and unobscured populations. This work includes a robust analysis of the source optical to mid-IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) featuring (semi)empirical AGN and galaxy dust emission models and Bayesian fitting techniques, ultra-deep Very Large Array 3 and 6 GHz observations, and an integrated analysis of various AGN selection techniques, including X-ray properties, UV to mid-IR SED analysis, optical spectral features, mid-IR colors, radio-loudness and spectral slope, and AGN variability. In total, we report ∼900 AGNs over the ∼170 arcmin2 3D-HST GOODS-S footprint, which has doubled the AGN number identified in the previous X-ray sample, with ∼26% of our sample undetected in the deepest Chandra image. With a summary of AGN demographics from different selection methods, we find that no one single band or technique comes close to selecting a complete AGN sample despite the great depth of the data in GOODS-S/HUDF. We estimate the yields of various approaches and explore the reasons for incompleteness. We characterize the statistical properties, such as source number density, obscuration fraction, and luminosity function of the AGN sample in this field, and discuss their immediate implications. We also provide some qualitative predictions of the AGN sample that might be discovered by the upcoming JWST surveys.
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U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac9e5d
DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac9e5d
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85131242662
SN - 0004-637X
VL - 941
JO - Astrophysical Journal
JF - Astrophysical Journal
IS - 2
M1 - 191
ER -