Abstract
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have enabled high-throughput determination of biological sequences in microbial communities, also known as microbiomes. The large volume of data now presents the challenge of how to extract knowledge-recognize patterns, find similarities, and find relationships-from complex mixtures of nucleic acid sequences currently being examined. In this chapter we review basic concepts as well as state-of-the-art techniques to analyze hundreds of samples which each contain millions of DNA and RNA sequences. We describe the general character of sequence data and describe some of the processing steps that prepare raw sequence data for inference. We then describe the process of extracting features from the data, assigning taxonomic and gene labels to the sequences. Then we review methods for cross-sample comparisons: (1) using similarity measures and ordination techniques to visualize and measure differences between samples and (2) feature selection and classification to select the most relevant features for discriminating between samples.Finally, in conclusion, we outline some open research problems and challenges left for future research.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Computational Systems Biology |
Subtitle of host publication | From Molecular Mechanisms to Disease: Second Edition |
Publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
Pages | 295-329 |
Number of pages | 35 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780124059269 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 2013 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Dimensionality reduction
- Feature selection
- Gene annotation
- Gene prediction
- Metagenomic sample comparison
- Similarity measures
- Taxonomic classification
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology