@inproceedings{b9bc38205a5444d8a17908a22355719e,
title = "Active eyebox waveguide combiner for augmented reality driven by electrowetting actuation",
abstract = "An active eyebox augmented reality (AR) waveguide combiner concept established on the electrowetting actuation (EWA) is reported, which integrates a traditional one-dimensional (1D) diffractive waveguide combiner with transparent electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) device. The active eyebox functionality is achieved by using EWA to move liquid droplets, selectively activating sub-regions of the out-coupler to control light interaction. This approach directs light only to the target eye pupil area, rather than across the entire eyebox, effectively increasing the overall light transfer efficiency of waveguide combiner. In this paper, we first analyze the potential enhancement factor in active eyebox and illustrate the theory for EWOD device. Subsequently, the proposed active eyebox principle is demonstrated by implementing an off-the-shelve EWOD device with a one-dimensional (1D) binary surface relief grating (SRG) based waveguide combiner.",
keywords = "active eyebox, AR display, electrowetting actuation, EWOD display, pupil switching",
author = "Chuan Luo and Yuzuru Takashima",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 SPIE.; Optical Architectures for Displays and Sensing in Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality (AR, VR, MR) VI 2025 ; Conference date: 27-01-2025 Through 28-01-2025",
year = "2025",
doi = "10.1117/12.3044412",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering",
publisher = "SPIE",
editor = "Naamah Argaman and Hong Hua and Nikolov, \{Daniel K.\}",
booktitle = "Optical Architectures for Displays and Sensing in Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality (AR, VR, MR) VI",
}