A super-resolution coded aperture miniature mass spectrometer proof-of-concept for planetary science

Mass spectrometers are essential instruments for in situ analysis of planetary materials. Ideally, a space flight mass spectrometer would have a mass range from ∼10 u to at least 500 u to enable analysis of organic molecules to aid in searching for the requirements for life; capability for high precision isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and noble gases to understand solar system evolution and functioning; and ability to resolve isobaric interferences at low m/z such as CO and N₂ to study planetary atmospheres. Despite the considerable progress in flight mass spectrometry since the 1970s, no single flight mass spectrometer has all these ideal characteristics. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept super-resolution coded aperture cycloidal miniature mass spectrometer (SR-CAMMS) for planetary science. Design considerations and preliminary results are presented including: a mass range of 10–260 u with resolution of 0.5 u or better; the ability to resolve the isobaric interference between CO and N₂ at m/z = 28 u using sampling-super resolution; and the ability to acquire isotope ratios with Poisson statistics limited precision. Thus, the instrument met all design considerations except mass range, which was expected to be 10–500 u; reasons for this discrepancy are discussed in the paper.