A robust three-node shell element using consistent in-plane and transverse bending kinematics for analysis of stiffened-shell structures

This study presents a computationally efficient and robust three-node shell element with six degrees-of-freedom per node for linear static analysis of laminated structures. The element is based on the combination of a robust non-conformal membrane element with drilling rotational degrees-of-freedom and equally robust C0 continuous Mindlin-type shear deformable element. Hence, the resulting combined element is capable of modeling folded structures that exhibit both in-plane and transverse bending deformations. This element is particularly suitable to model stiffened panels where skin-stiffener interface exhibit folded plate behavior and require consistency of all rotational components to achieve sufficient accuracy. The numerical results show that the present shell element converges rapidly and is well suited for modeling complex stiffened structures.