A Pair of Dynamically Interacting Sub-Neptunes around TOI-6054

Maxwell A. Kroft; Thomas G. Beatty; Ian J.M. Crossfield; Joseph R. Livesey; Juliette Becker; Jacob K. Luhn; Paul Robertson; Allyson Bieryla; David R. Ciardi; Catherine A. Clark; Maria V. Goliguzova; Steve B. Howell; Jack J. Lissauer; Colin Littlefield; Michael B. Lund; Boris S. Safonov; Joseph M.Akana Murphy; Natalie M. Batalha; Malik Bossett; Jonathan Brande; Tansu Daylan; Courtney Dressing; Anna Gagnebin; Daniel Huber; Howard Isaacson; Stephen R. Kane; Laura Kreidberg; David W. Latham; Rafael Luque; Alex S. Polanski; Pranav H. Premnath; Maleah Rhem; Claire J. Rogers; Emma V. Turtelboom

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/adee24

A Pair of Dynamically Interacting Sub-Neptunes around TOI-6054

Maxwell A. Kroft
, Thomas G. Beatty
, Ian J.M. Crossfield
, Joseph R. Livesey
, Juliette Becker
, Jacob K. Luhn
, Paul Robertson
, Allyson Bieryla
, David R. Ciardi
, Catherine A. Clark
, Maria V. Goliguzova
, Steve B. Howell
, Jack J. Lissauer
, Colin Littlefield
, Michael B. Lund
, Boris S. Safonov
, Joseph M.Akana Murphy
, Natalie M. Batalha
, Malik Bossett
, Jonathan Brande

Tansu Daylan, Courtney Dressing, Anna Gagnebin, Daniel Huber, Howard Isaacson, Stephen R. Kane, Laura Kreidberg, David W. Latham, Rafael Luque, Alex S. Polanski, Pranav H. Premnath, Maleah Rhem, Claire J. Rogers, Emma V. Turtelboom

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We confirm the planetary nature of a pair of transiting sub-Neptune exoplanets orbiting the bright F-type subgiant star TOI-6054 (V = 8.02, K = 6.673) as a part of the OrCAS radial velocity survey using WIYN/NEID observations. We find that TOI-6054b and TOI-6054c have radii of 2.64 ± 0.15R_⊕ and 2.82 ± 0.17R_⊕, respectively, and masses of 12.5 ± 1.7M_⊕ and 9.3 ± 1.9M_⊕. The planets have zero-albedo equilibrium temperatures of 1360 ± 32 K and 1143 ± 28 K. The host star has expanded and will evolve off of the main sequence within the next ∼500 Myr, and the resulting increase in stellar luminosity has more than doubled the stellar flux the two planets receive compared to the start of the host star’s main-sequence phase. Consequently, TOI-6054b may be losing some of its primordial hydrogen/helium atmosphere—if it has one. Based on dynamical simulations performed using the orbital parameters of the two planets, TOI-6054b, and TOI-6054c are very likely in a 5:3 mean motion resonance. The TOI-6054 system thus has the potential to be an excellent candidate for future atmospheric follow-up observations, with two similarly sized sub-Neptunes around a bright star. We also estimate that if TOI-6054b is currently losing its H/He atmosphere, this should be observable from space and from the ground.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	150
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	170
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adee24
State	Published - Sep 1 2025
Externally published	Yes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.3847/1538-3881/adee24

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Kroft, M. A., Beatty, T. G., Crossfield, I. J. M., Livesey, J. R., Becker, J., Luhn, J. K., Robertson, P., Bieryla, A., Ciardi, D. R., Clark, C. A., Goliguzova, M. V., Howell, S. B., Lissauer, J. J., Littlefield, C., Lund, M. B., Safonov, B. S., Murphy, J. M. A., Batalha, N. M., Bossett, M., ... Turtelboom, E. V. (2025). A Pair of Dynamically Interacting Sub-Neptunes around TOI-6054. Astronomical Journal, 170(3), Article 150. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adee24

Kroft, MA, Beatty, TG, Crossfield, IJM, Livesey, JR, Becker, J, Luhn, JK, Robertson, P, Bieryla, A, Ciardi, DR, Clark, CA, Goliguzova, MV, Howell, SB, Lissauer, JJ, Littlefield, C, Lund, MB, Safonov, BS, Murphy, JMA, Batalha, NM, Bossett, M, Brande, J, Daylan, T, Dressing, C, Gagnebin, A, Huber, D, Isaacson, H, Kane, SR, Kreidberg, L, Latham, DW, Luque, R, Polanski, AS, Premnath, PH, Rhem, M, Rogers, CJ & Turtelboom, EV 2025, 'A Pair of Dynamically Interacting Sub-Neptunes around TOI-6054', Astronomical Journal, vol. 170, no. 3, 150. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adee24

@article{5223d9120533481588bb137f1a1eee9e,

title = "A Pair of Dynamically Interacting Sub-Neptunes around TOI-6054",

abstract = "We confirm the planetary nature of a pair of transiting sub-Neptune exoplanets orbiting the bright F-type subgiant star TOI-6054 (V = 8.02, K = 6.673) as a part of the OrCAS radial velocity survey using WIYN/NEID observations. We find that TOI-6054b and TOI-6054c have radii of 2.64 ± 0.15R⊕ and 2.82 ± 0.17R⊕, respectively, and masses of 12.5 ± 1.7M⊕ and 9.3 ± 1.9M⊕. The planets have zero-albedo equilibrium temperatures of 1360 ± 32 K and 1143 ± 28 K. The host star has expanded and will evolve off of the main sequence within the next ∼500 Myr, and the resulting increase in stellar luminosity has more than doubled the stellar flux the two planets receive compared to the start of the host star{\textquoteright}s main-sequence phase. Consequently, TOI-6054b may be losing some of its primordial hydrogen/helium atmosphere—if it has one. Based on dynamical simulations performed using the orbital parameters of the two planets, TOI-6054b, and TOI-6054c are very likely in a 5:3 mean motion resonance. The TOI-6054 system thus has the potential to be an excellent candidate for future atmospheric follow-up observations, with two similarly sized sub-Neptunes around a bright star. We also estimate that if TOI-6054b is currently losing its H/He atmosphere, this should be observable from space and from the ground.",

author = "Kroft, \{Maxwell A.\} and Beatty, \{Thomas G.\} and Crossfield, \{Ian J.M.\} and Livesey, \{Joseph R.\} and Juliette Becker and Luhn, \{Jacob K.\} and Paul Robertson and Allyson Bieryla and Ciardi, \{David R.\} and Clark, \{Catherine A.\} and Goliguzova, \{Maria V.\} and Howell, \{Steve B.\} and Lissauer, \{Jack J.\} and Colin Littlefield and Lund, \{Michael B.\} and Safonov, \{Boris S.\} and Murphy, \{Joseph M.Akana\} and Batalha, \{Natalie M.\} and Malik Bossett and Jonathan Brande and Tansu Daylan and Courtney Dressing and Anna Gagnebin and Daniel Huber and Howard Isaacson and Kane, \{Stephen R.\} and Laura Kreidberg and Latham, \{David W.\} and Rafael Luque and Polanski, \{Alex S.\} and Premnath, \{Pranav H.\} and Maleah Rhem and Rogers, \{Claire J.\} and Turtelboom, \{Emma V.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2025",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/adee24",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "170",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "3",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - A Pair of Dynamically Interacting Sub-Neptunes around TOI-6054

AU - Kroft, Maxwell A.

AU - Beatty, Thomas G.

AU - Crossfield, Ian J.M.

AU - Livesey, Joseph R.

AU - Becker, Juliette

AU - Luhn, Jacob K.

AU - Robertson, Paul

AU - Bieryla, Allyson

AU - Ciardi, David R.

AU - Clark, Catherine A.

AU - Goliguzova, Maria V.

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Lissauer, Jack J.

AU - Littlefield, Colin

AU - Lund, Michael B.

AU - Safonov, Boris S.

AU - Murphy, Joseph M.Akana

AU - Batalha, Natalie M.

AU - Bossett, Malik

AU - Brande, Jonathan

AU - Daylan, Tansu

AU - Dressing, Courtney

AU - Gagnebin, Anna

AU - Huber, Daniel

AU - Isaacson, Howard

AU - Kane, Stephen R.

AU - Kreidberg, Laura

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Luque, Rafael

AU - Polanski, Alex S.

AU - Premnath, Pranav H.

AU - Rhem, Maleah

AU - Rogers, Claire J.

AU - Turtelboom, Emma V.

PY - 2025/9/1

Y1 - 2025/9/1

N2 - We confirm the planetary nature of a pair of transiting sub-Neptune exoplanets orbiting the bright F-type subgiant star TOI-6054 (V = 8.02, K = 6.673) as a part of the OrCAS radial velocity survey using WIYN/NEID observations. We find that TOI-6054b and TOI-6054c have radii of 2.64 ± 0.15R⊕ and 2.82 ± 0.17R⊕, respectively, and masses of 12.5 ± 1.7M⊕ and 9.3 ± 1.9M⊕. The planets have zero-albedo equilibrium temperatures of 1360 ± 32 K and 1143 ± 28 K. The host star has expanded and will evolve off of the main sequence within the next ∼500 Myr, and the resulting increase in stellar luminosity has more than doubled the stellar flux the two planets receive compared to the start of the host star’s main-sequence phase. Consequently, TOI-6054b may be losing some of its primordial hydrogen/helium atmosphere—if it has one. Based on dynamical simulations performed using the orbital parameters of the two planets, TOI-6054b, and TOI-6054c are very likely in a 5:3 mean motion resonance. The TOI-6054 system thus has the potential to be an excellent candidate for future atmospheric follow-up observations, with two similarly sized sub-Neptunes around a bright star. We also estimate that if TOI-6054b is currently losing its H/He atmosphere, this should be observable from space and from the ground.

AB - We confirm the planetary nature of a pair of transiting sub-Neptune exoplanets orbiting the bright F-type subgiant star TOI-6054 (V = 8.02, K = 6.673) as a part of the OrCAS radial velocity survey using WIYN/NEID observations. We find that TOI-6054b and TOI-6054c have radii of 2.64 ± 0.15R⊕ and 2.82 ± 0.17R⊕, respectively, and masses of 12.5 ± 1.7M⊕ and 9.3 ± 1.9M⊕. The planets have zero-albedo equilibrium temperatures of 1360 ± 32 K and 1143 ± 28 K. The host star has expanded and will evolve off of the main sequence within the next ∼500 Myr, and the resulting increase in stellar luminosity has more than doubled the stellar flux the two planets receive compared to the start of the host star’s main-sequence phase. Consequently, TOI-6054b may be losing some of its primordial hydrogen/helium atmosphere—if it has one. Based on dynamical simulations performed using the orbital parameters of the two planets, TOI-6054b, and TOI-6054c are very likely in a 5:3 mean motion resonance. The TOI-6054 system thus has the potential to be an excellent candidate for future atmospheric follow-up observations, with two similarly sized sub-Neptunes around a bright star. We also estimate that if TOI-6054b is currently losing its H/He atmosphere, this should be observable from space and from the ground.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105012764152

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105012764152#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/adee24

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/adee24

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105012764152

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 170

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 3

M1 - 150

ER -

A Pair of Dynamically Interacting Sub-Neptunes around TOI-6054

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