@article{852f872cd46847bba668c054683be8b1,
title = "A Hydrometeorological Perspective on the Karakoram Anomaly Using Unique Valley-Based Synoptic Weather Observations",
abstract = "Glaciers in the eastern Hindukush, western Karakoram, and northwestern Himalayan mountain ranges of Northern Pakistan are not responding to global warming in the same manner as their counterparts elsewhere. Their retreat rates are less than the global average, and some are either stable or growing. Various investigations have questioned the role of climatic factors in regard to this anomalous behavior, widely referred to as “The Karakoram Anomaly.” Here, for the first time, we present a hydrometeorological perspective based on five decades of synoptic weather observations collected by the meteorological network of Pakistan. Analysis of this unique data set indicates that increased regional scale humidity, cloud cover, and precipitation, along with decreased net radiation, near-surface wind speed, potential evapotranspiration, and river flow, especially during the summer season, represent a substantial change in the energy, mass, and momentum fluxes that are facilitating the establishment of the Karakoram anomaly.",
keywords = "climate variability, glacier, Indus River, Karakoram anomaly, monsoon, Pakistan",
author = "Furrukh Bashir and Xubin Zeng and Hoshin Gupta and Pieter Hazenberg",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD), Climate Data Processing Centre (CDPC, http://www. pmd.gov.pk/cdpc/home.htm), Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA, http://www.wapda.gov.pk/), and Ghulam Rasul (Director General, PMD) for providing the hydroclimatic data used in this study. The first author is grateful to the United States Education Foundation Pakistan (USEFP) for providing the Fulbright Scholarship that made this work possible. We acknowledge the climate data guide to distribute CRU data, the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), and the Goddard Earth Science Data Information Services Center (GES DISC) for the dissemination of MERRA, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for ERA-Interim, the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (IGRA) to distribute radiosonde data, the Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) to distribute digital elevation model (DEM), and the global administrative areas (GADM) to distribute world{\textquoteright}s administrative boundaries. This study was funded by NASA (NNX14AM02G). The authors declare no competing financial interests. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",
year = "2017",
month = oct,
day = "28",
doi = "10.1002/2017GL075284",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "44",
pages = "10,470--10,478",
journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
issn = "0094-8276",
publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
number = "20",
}