Mathematics
Sol-gel
100%
Phosphate
86%
Nanoparticles
83%
Amplification
69%
Erbium
68%
Waveguide
66%
Reverse
54%
Refractive Index
23%
Fabrication
22%
Pump
20%
Enhancement
18%
Ytterbium
17%
Optical Amplifier
17%
Optoelectronic Devices
14%
Thermal Stability
13%
Integrated System
12%
Optical Fiber
11%
Energy Transfer
11%
Optical System
11%
Energy
10%
Laser
10%
Microstructure
9%
Polymers
8%
Lifetime
8%
Vibration
7%
Composite
7%
Modeling
5%
Demonstrate
4%
Performance
4%
Standards
4%
Engineering & Materials Science
Rare earth elements
78%
Sol-gels
74%
Phosphates
64%
Amplification
57%
Waveguides
57%
Nanoparticles
55%
Erbium
50%
Lanthanum
46%
Ions
29%
Refractive index
21%
Ytterbium
13%
Pumps
12%
Light amplifiers
12%
Fabrication
11%
Ligands
10%
Mechanical stability
10%
Zirconium
10%
Molar ratio
9%
Optoelectronic devices
9%
Energy transfer
9%
Optical systems
9%
Doping (additives)
8%
Optical fibers
8%
Thermodynamic stability
8%
Temperature
6%
Lasers
6%
Polymers
5%
Microstructure
5%
Composite materials
4%
Costs
3%
Physics & Astronomy
mesas
64%
phosphates
56%
gels
44%
nanoparticles
38%
waveguides
37%
lanthanum
34%
erbium
31%
ions
15%
optical communication
14%
pumps
11%
refractivity
11%
matrix materials
10%
augmentation
9%
fabrication
9%
ytterbium
9%
ligands
8%
light amplifiers
8%
optoelectronic devices
8%
thermal stability
7%
pumping
6%
energy transfer
6%
amplifiers
6%
optical fibers
6%
life (durability)
5%
vibration
5%
composite materials
4%
energy
4%
microstructure
4%
polymers
4%
performance
3%
lasers
3%
Chemical Compounds
Erbium
47%
Lanthanoid Atom
42%
Phosphate
37%
Nanoparticle
28%
Pump
18%
Refractive Index
18%
Ion
14%
Cyclopentanone
12%
Vibrational Energy
11%
Inorganic Nanoparticle
11%
Ytterbium
11%
Optoelectronics
8%
Energy Transfer
8%
Microstructure
6%
Thermal Stability
6%
Fiber
6%
Composite Material
4%
Energy
4%
Ligand
4%