TY - JOUR
T1 - A high yield cellulose extraction system for small whole wood samples and dual measurement of carbon and oxygen stable isotopes
AU - Andreu-Hayles, Laia
AU - Levesque, Mathieu
AU - Martin-Benito, Dario
AU - Huang, Wei
AU - Harris, Ryan
AU - Oelkers, Rose
AU - Leland, Caroline
AU - Martin-Fernández, Javier
AU - Anchukaitis, Kevin J.
AU - Helle, Gerhard
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to give special thanks to Neil Loader for kindly sharing the Swansea protocol for cellulose extraction, as well as Michael N. Evans and Rebecca E. Plummer for their generous guide on finding the suitable CO reference gas for cellulose samples and sharing some standards during our laboratory calibration, including the AKC and AWS α-cellulose secondary standard. We would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for providing feedback that greatly improved the manuscript, as well as to Valerie Daux and Michel Stievenard for their useful comments, and Milagros Rodríguez for her support. This research was supported by the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Climate Center grant and by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant PLR-1504134 , as well as AGS-1702789 , OISE-1743738 , AGS 15-02150 , PLR16-03473 , AGS-0959148 , AGS-1203818 , AGS-1338734 and AGS-1655188 . We would also like to acknowledge the project THEMES supported by the BNP-Paribas Foundation. L.A.H. was partially supported by the Columbia University's Center for Climate and Life . D.M-B was partially funded by AGL-2015-73,190-JIN project, and Fulbright-Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) and Marie-Curie FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IE grants (No 329935) postdoctoral fellowships. M.L. was supported by an Early and Advanced Postdoc Mobility Fellowships from the Swiss National Science Foundation (project numbers: P2EZP2_152213 and P300P2_164637). This is LDEO contribution #8259.
Funding Information:
We would like to give special thanks to Neil Loader for kindly sharing the Swansea protocol for cellulose extraction, as well as Michael N. Evans and Rebecca E. Plummer for their generous guide on finding the suitable CO reference gas for cellulose samples and sharing some standards during our laboratory calibration, including the AKC and AWS ?-cellulose secondary standard. We would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for providing feedback that greatly improved the manuscript, as well as to Valerie Daux and Michel Stievenard for their useful comments, and Milagros Rodr?guez for her support. This research was supported by the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Climate Center grant and by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant PLR-1504134, as well as AGS-1702789, OISE-1743738, AGS 15-02150, PLR16-03473, AGS-0959148, AGS-1203818, AGS-1338734 and AGS-1655188. We would also like to acknowledge the project THEMES supported by the BNP-Paribas Foundation. L.A.H. was partially supported by the Columbia University's Center for Climate and Life. D.M-B was partially funded by AGL-2015-73,190-JIN project, and Fulbright-Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci?n (Spain) and Marie-Curie FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IE grants (No 329935) postdoctoral fellowships. M.L. was supported by an Early and Advanced Postdoc Mobility Fellowships from the Swiss National Science Foundation (project numbers: P2EZP2_152213 and P300P2_164637). This is LDEO contribution #8259.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Authors
PY - 2019/1/20
Y1 - 2019/1/20
N2 - This paper describes devices to extract α-cellulose from small whole wood samples developed at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Tree-Ring Lab and explains the procedures for chemical extractions and for the dual analysis of carbon (δ 13 C) and oxygen (δ 18 O) stable isotopes. Here, we provide the necessary steps and guidelines for constructing a cellulose extraction system for small amounts of wood and leaves. The system allows the simultaneous extraction of cellulose from 150 samples by means of in-house filter tubes, where chemicals used for the cellulose extraction are exchanged and eliminated in batches. This new implementation diminishes the processing time, minimizes physical sample manipulation and potential errors, increases sample throughput, and reduces the amount of chemicals and analytic costs. We also describe the dual measurement of δ 13 C and δ 18 O ratios in tree-ring cellulose using high-temperature pyrolysis in a High Temperature Conversion Elemental Analyzer (TC/EA) interfaced with a Thermo Delta V plus mass spectrometer.
AB - This paper describes devices to extract α-cellulose from small whole wood samples developed at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Tree-Ring Lab and explains the procedures for chemical extractions and for the dual analysis of carbon (δ 13 C) and oxygen (δ 18 O) stable isotopes. Here, we provide the necessary steps and guidelines for constructing a cellulose extraction system for small amounts of wood and leaves. The system allows the simultaneous extraction of cellulose from 150 samples by means of in-house filter tubes, where chemicals used for the cellulose extraction are exchanged and eliminated in batches. This new implementation diminishes the processing time, minimizes physical sample manipulation and potential errors, increases sample throughput, and reduces the amount of chemicals and analytic costs. We also describe the dual measurement of δ 13 C and δ 18 O ratios in tree-ring cellulose using high-temperature pyrolysis in a High Temperature Conversion Elemental Analyzer (TC/EA) interfaced with a Thermo Delta V plus mass spectrometer.
KW - Carbon stable isotopes (δ C)
KW - Continuous flow
KW - High-temperature pyrolysis (HTP)
KW - Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS)
KW - Oxygen stable isotopes (δ O)
KW - Tree ring
KW - α-Cellulose
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U2 - 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.09.007
DO - 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.09.007
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85057985809
SN - 0009-2541
VL - 504
SP - 53
EP - 65
JO - Chemical Geology
JF - Chemical Geology
ER -