@article{b60da5183e324c988c0f35aa89fd281f,
title = "A design for cancer case-control studies using only incident cases: Experience with the GEM study of melanoma",
abstract = "Background: The population-based case-control study is not suited to the evaluation of rare genetic (or environmental) factors. The use of a novel case-control design in which cases have second primaries and controls are cancer survivors has been proposed for this purpose. Methods: We report results from an international study of melanoma that involved population-based ascertainment of incident cases of second or subsequent primary melanoma as the 'case' group and incident cases of first primary melanoma as the 'control' group. We evaluate the validity of the study design by comparing the results obtained for phenotypic factors that have been shown consistently to be associated with melanoma in previous conventional studies with the results from a conventional case-control study conducted in Connecticut and from literature reviews. Results: All but one of the known risk factors for melanoma were shown to be significantly associated with melanoma in our study, though the individual odds ratios appear to be somewhat attenuated relative to the magnitudes typically observed in the literature. Conclusions: Patients with a second or subsequent primary cancer of a single type represent a potentially valuable and under-utilized resource for the study of cancer aetiology.",
keywords = "Case-control study, Case-only study, Melanoma",
author = "Colin Begg and Hummer, {Amanda J.} and Urvi Mujumdar and Armstrong, {Bruce K.} and Anne Kricker and Marrett, {Loraine D.} and Millikan, {Robert C.} and Gruber, {Stephen B.} and {Anton Culver}, Hoda and Roberto Zanetti and Gallagher, {Richard P.} and Terrence Dwyer and Rebbeck, {Timothy R.} and Klaus Busam and Lynn From and Marianne Berwick and Pampa Roy and Rebecca Canchola and Brian Clas and Javiar Cotignola and Yvette Monroe and Melisa Litchfield and Paul Tucker and Nicola Stephens and Teresa Switzer and Beth Theis and Noori Chowdhury and Louise Vanasse and Mark Purdue and David Northrup and Stefano Rosso and Carlotta Sacerdote and Nancy Leighton and Maureen Gildea and Joe Bonner and Joanne Jeter and Judith Klotz and Homer Wilcox and Helen Weiss and Nancy Thomas and Dianne Mattingly and Jon Player and Tse, {Chiu Kit} and Peter Kanetsky and Amy Walker and Saarene Panossian and Harvey Mohrenweiser and Richard Setlow",
note = "Funding Information: Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart (Australia): Terence Dwyer (PI), Paul Tucker (Dermatopathologist), Nicola Stephens (Study Coordinator). British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver (Canada): Richard Gallagher (PI), Teresa Switzer (Coordinator). Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto (Canada): Loraine Marrett (PI), Beth Theis (Co-Investigator), Lynn From (Dermatopathologist), Noori Chowdhury (Coordinator), Louise Vanasse (Coordinator), Mark Purdue (Research Officer). David Northrup (Manager for CATI). Centro per la Prevenzione Oncologia Torino, Piemonte (Italy): Roberto Zanetti (PI), Stefano Rosso (Data Manager), Carlotta Sacerdote (Coordinator). University of California, Irvine (USA): Hoda Anton-Culver (PI), Nancy Leighton (Coordinator), Maureen Gildea (Data Manager). University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (USA): Stephen Gruber (PI), Joe Bonner (Data Manager), Joanne Jeter (Coordinator). New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Trenton (USA): Judith Klotz (PI), Homer Wilcox (Co-PI), Helen Weiss (Coordinator). University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (USA): Robert Millikan (PI), Nancy Thomas (Co-Investigator), Dianne Mattingly (Coordinator), Jon Player (Laboratory Technician), Chiu-Kit Tse (Data Analyst). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (USA): Timothy Rebbeck (PI), Peter Kanetsky (Co-Investigator), Amy Walker (Laboratory Technician), Saarene Panossian (Laboratory Technician). Consultants: Harvey Mohrenweiser, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA (USA); Richard Setlow, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY (USA). Supported by the National Cancer Institute, Awards CA83180, CA098438, CA46592, and CA16086. Bruce Armstrong is also supported by a University of Sydney Medical Foundation Program Grant. Richard Gallagher is supported by a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Grant. Stephen Gruber is supported by the Becker Fund.",
year = "2006",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1093/ije/dyl044",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "35",
pages = "756--764",
journal = "International Journal of Epidemiology",
issn = "0300-5771",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "3",
}