A comprehensive review of the diagnosis and management of congenital scoliosis

Purpose: To provide the reader with a comprehensive but concise understanding of congenital scoliosis Methods: We have undertaken to summarize available literature on the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and management of congenital scoliosis. Results: Congenital scoliosis represents 10% of pediatric spine deformity and is a developmental error in segmentation, formation, or a combination of both leading to curvature of the spine. Treatment options are complicated by balancing growth potential with curve severity. Often associated abnormalities of cardiac, genitourinary, or intraspinal systems are concurrent and should be evaluated as part of the diagnostic work-up. Management balances the risk of progression, growth potential, lung development/function, and associated risks. Surgical treatment options involve growth-permitting systems or fusions. Conclusion: Congenital scoliosis is a complex spinal problem associated with many other anomalous findings. Treatment options are diverse but enable optimization of management and care of these children.