TY - JOUR
T1 - A 1.3 mm SMA survey of 29 variable young stellar objects
AU - Liu, Hauyu Baobab
AU - Dunham, Michael M.
AU - Pascucci, Ilaria
AU - Bourke, Tyler L.
AU - Hirano, Naomi
AU - Longmore, Steven
AU - Andrews, Sean
AU - Carrasco-González, Carlos
AU - Forbrich, Jan
AU - Galván-Madrid, Roberto
AU - Girart, Josep M.
AU - Green, Joel D.
AU - Juárez, Carmen
AU - Kóspál, Ágnes
AU - Manara, Carlo F.
AU - Palau, Aina
AU - Takami, Michihiro
AU - Testi, Leonardo
AU - Vorobyov, Eduard I.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements. We acknowledge Dr. Mark Gurwell for compiling the SMA Calibrator List (http://sma1.sma.hawaii.edu/callist/callist.html). The presented calibrator flux density data was obtained at the Submillimeter Array (SMA) near the summit of Mauna Kea (Hawaii). 3C418, 0530+135, 0510+180, and 0607-085 are included in an ongoing monitoring program at the SMA to determine the fluxes of compact extragalactic radio sources that can be used as calibrators at millimeter wavelengths (Gurwell et al. 2007). Observations of available potential calibrators are from time to time observed for three to five minutes, and the measured source signal strength calibrated against known standards, typically solar system objects (Titan, Uranus, Neptune, or Callisto). Data from this program are updated regularly and are available at the SMA website HBL thanks Dr. Cornelis Dullemond for very insightful discussion. E. Vorobyov acknowledges support from the RFBR grant 17-02-00644. This work was supported by the Momentum grant of the MTA CSFK Lendület Disk Research Group.
Funding Information:
1 The Submillimeter Array is a joint project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica (Ho et al. 2004).
Publisher Copyright:
© ESO 2018.
PY - 2018/4/1
Y1 - 2018/4/1
N2 - Context. Young stellar objects (YSOs) may undergo periods of active accretion (outbursts), during which the protostellar accretion rate is temporarily enhanced by a few orders of magnitude. Whether or not these accretion outburst YSOs possess similar dust and gas reservoirs to each other, and whether or not their dust and gas reservoirs are similar as quiescent YSOs, are issues yet to be clarified.Aims. The aim of this work is to characterize the millimeter thermal dust emission properties of a statistically significant sample of long and short duration accretion outburst YSOs (i.e., FUors and EXors) and the spectroscopically identified candidates of accretion outbursting YSOs (i.e., FUor-like objects). Methods. We have carried out extensive Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations mostly at ~225 GHz (1.33 mm) and ~272 GHz (1.10 mm), from 2008 to 2017. We covered accretion outburst YSOs located at <1 kpc distances from the solar system. Results. We analyze all the existing SMA data of such objects, both published and unpublished, in a coherent way to present a millimeter interferometric database of 29 objects. We obtained 21 detections at >3σ significance. Detected sources except for the two cases of V883 Ori and NGC 2071 MM3 were observed with ~1″ angular resolution. Overall our observed targets show a systematically higher millimeter luminosity distribution than those of the M∗ > 0.3 MClass II YSOs in the nearby (400 pc) low-mass star-forming molecular clouds (e.g., Taurus, Lupus, Upp Scorpio, and Chameleon I). In addition, at 1 mm our observed confirmed binaries or triple-system sources are systematically fainter than the rest of the sources even though their 1 mm fluxes are broadly distributed. We may have detected ∼30-60% millimeter flux variability from V2494 Cyg and V2495 Cyg, from the observations separated by approximately one year.
AB - Context. Young stellar objects (YSOs) may undergo periods of active accretion (outbursts), during which the protostellar accretion rate is temporarily enhanced by a few orders of magnitude. Whether or not these accretion outburst YSOs possess similar dust and gas reservoirs to each other, and whether or not their dust and gas reservoirs are similar as quiescent YSOs, are issues yet to be clarified.Aims. The aim of this work is to characterize the millimeter thermal dust emission properties of a statistically significant sample of long and short duration accretion outburst YSOs (i.e., FUors and EXors) and the spectroscopically identified candidates of accretion outbursting YSOs (i.e., FUor-like objects). Methods. We have carried out extensive Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations mostly at ~225 GHz (1.33 mm) and ~272 GHz (1.10 mm), from 2008 to 2017. We covered accretion outburst YSOs located at <1 kpc distances from the solar system. Results. We analyze all the existing SMA data of such objects, both published and unpublished, in a coherent way to present a millimeter interferometric database of 29 objects. We obtained 21 detections at >3σ significance. Detected sources except for the two cases of V883 Ori and NGC 2071 MM3 were observed with ~1″ angular resolution. Overall our observed targets show a systematically higher millimeter luminosity distribution than those of the M∗ > 0.3 MClass II YSOs in the nearby (400 pc) low-mass star-forming molecular clouds (e.g., Taurus, Lupus, Upp Scorpio, and Chameleon I). In addition, at 1 mm our observed confirmed binaries or triple-system sources are systematically fainter than the rest of the sources even though their 1 mm fluxes are broadly distributed. We may have detected ∼30-60% millimeter flux variability from V2494 Cyg and V2495 Cyg, from the observations separated by approximately one year.
KW - Radio continuum: ISM
KW - Stars: formation
KW - Stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be
KW - Submillimeter: ISM
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U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201731951
DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201731951
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85046653990
VL - 612
JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics
SN - 0004-6361
M1 - A54
ER -