Network
University of Arizona
Organizational unit: University
Departments, SBSC
Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of
Organizational unit: Academic Departments
Departments, PBHL
Public Health, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of
Organizational unit: Academic Departments
Departments, ARCH
Architecture Planning and Landscape Architecture, College of
Organizational unit: Academic Departments
Architecture Planning and Landscape Architecture, College of
Organizational unit: College
University of Arizona
External organization: Academic
University of Arizona
External organization: Unknown
National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health
External organization: Unknown
National Science Foundation National Research Traineeship Program
External organization: Unknown
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
External organization: Unknown
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
External organization: Unknown
National Institute of Aging
External organization: Unknown
University of Wisconsin
External organization: Academic
Stanford University
External organization: Academic
University of California at Davis
External organization: Academic
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
External organization: Medical
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
External organization: Unknown
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
External organization: Academic
New York University
External organization: Academic
Harvard University
External organization: Academic
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
External organization: Unknown
The University of Arizona College of Engineering
External organization: Unknown
National Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental Health
External organization: Unknown
University of British Columbia
External organization: Academic
University of Cincinnati
External organization: Academic
Arizona State University
External organization: Academic
Department of Computer Science
External organization: Unknown
Radboud University Nijmegen
External organization: Academic
Northwestern University
External organization: Academic
University of Utah
External organization: Academic
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
External organization: Unknown
University of Washington
External organization: Academic
University of Virginia
External organization: Academic
University of Kansas
External organization: Academic
University of Missouri
External organization: Academic
General Medical Sciences R01HG010774 Andrew D Kern National Institute of General Medical Sciences
External organization: Unknown
University of Minnesota
External organization: Academic
University of Colorado Boulder
External organization: Academic
University of Bristol
External organization: Academic
Aalto University
External organization: Academic
Indiana University Bloomington
External organization: Academic
MGH Institute of Health Professions
External organization: Unknown
University of Pittsburgh
External organization: Academic
University of Iowa
External organization: Academic
Emory University
External organization: Academic
Johns Hopkins University
External organization: Academic
Case Western Reserve University
External organization: Academic
University of Bergen
External organization: Academic
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
External organization: Academic
National Institute of Mental Health
External organization: Unknown
University of California at Irvine
External organization: Academic
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
External organization: Unknown
Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium
External organization: Unknown
University of Southern Maine
External organization: Academic
University of Alberta
External organization: Academic
University of Toronto
External organization: Academic
Boston University
External organization: Academic
University of California at Los Angeles
External organization: Academic
University of Arizona
External organization: Unknown
National Institute of Health National Cancer Institute
External organization: Unknown
University of North Carolina
External organization: Academic
Rush University
External organization: Academic
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
External organization: Academic
University of Pennsylvania
External organization: Academic
University of Würzburg
External organization: Academic
University of California at Berkeley
External organization: Academic
The Ohio State University
External organization: Academic
Ulster University
External organization: Academic
University of Southern California
External organization: Academic
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
External organization: Academic
National Institutes of Health
External organization: Government
University of Florida
External organization: Academic
McGill University
External organization: Academic
Brown University
External organization: Academic
University of South Carolina
External organization: Academic
Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences
External organization: Unknown
University of Texas at Austin
External organization: Academic
University College London
External organization: Academic
University of Rochester
External organization: Academic
University of the Basque Country
External organization: Academic
Translational Genomics Research Institute
External organization: Unknown
University of Electro-Communications
External organization: Academic
University of North Carolina at Charlotte
External organization: Academic
University of California at San Francisco
External organization: Academic
University of Oxford
External organization: Academic
National Institute of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
External organization: Unknown
University of Edinburgh
External organization: Academic
University of Amsterdam
External organization: Academic
Cornell University
External organization: Academic
Arts, Denver, CO, USA
External organization: Unknown
Technical University of Cluj-Napoca
External organization: Academic
Oberlin College
External organization: Academic
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
External organization: Unknown
IBM
External organization: Corporate
SUNY Stony Brook
External organization: Academic
Lehigh University
External organization: Academic
Arizona Department of Health Services
External organization: Unknown
University of California at San Diego
External organization: Academic
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
External organization: Academic
Department of Psychiatry
External organization: Unknown
George Mason University
External organization: Academic
National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
External organization: Unknown
Seventh Framework Programme
External organization: Unknown
Western Michigan University
External organization: Academic
University of Helsinki
External organization: Academic
CNRS
External organization: Government
Montclair State University
External organization: Academic
Colorado State University
External organization: Academic
University of Texas at Dallas
External organization: Academic
National Center for Research Resources
External organization: Unknown
Oregon Health and Science University
External organization: Academic
University of Southern California
External organization: Unknown
Division of Biological Sciences
External organization: Unknown
U.S. Department of Education
External organization: Unknown
Drexel University
External organization: Academic
University of Sussex
External organization: Academic
LuMind Research Down Syndrome Foundation
External organization: Unknown
Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
External organization: Academic
National Institute on Aging
External organization: Unknown
University of South Florida
External organization: Academic
Yale University
External organization: Academic
F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG
External organization: Corporate
Department of Veterans Affairs
External organization: Government
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
External organization: Unknown
Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience
External organization: Unknown
SUNY Buffalo
External organization: Academic
San Diego State University
External organization: Academic
NIH NIDCD R21/R33 DC013681
External organization: Unknown
Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin
External organization: Unknown
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
External organization: Unknown
University of Louisville
External organization: Academic
City University of New York
External organization: Academic
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
External organization: Academic
McConnell Brain Imaging Centre
External organization: Unknown
Harvey Mudd College
External organization: Academic
Rutgers University–New Brunswick
External organization: Unknown
University of Missouri at Kansas City
External organization: Academic
European Research Council, UK Medical Research Council
External organization: Unknown
Michigan State University
External organization: Academic
University of Illinois
External organization: Unknown
National Multipurpose Research and Training Center
External organization: Unknown
Academy of Finland
External organization: Unknown
University of Canterbury
External organization: Academic
Queen Mary University of London
External organization: Academic
University of Cologne
External organization: Academic
University of Calgary
External organization: Academic
Duke University Medical Center
External organization: Unknown
University of Glasgow
External organization: Academic
University of Maryland
External organization: Academic
Washington University St. Louis
External organization: Academic
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
External organization: Unknown
University of Haifa
External organization: Academic
Humboldt University of Berlin
External organization: Academic
National Institute of Mental Health
External organization: Academic
U.S. Department of Defense
External organization: Unknown
University of Copenhagen
External organization: Academic
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
External organization: Academic
Tel Aviv University
External organization: Academic
Vanderbilt University
External organization: Academic
Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Research Foundation
External organization: Unknown
Pennsylvania State University
External organization: Academic
F. Hoffmann-La Roche
External organization: Unknown
Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery
External organization: Unknown
U.S. Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences
External organization: Unknown
Iowa State University
External organization: Academic
University of Arizona Foundation
External organization: Unknown
California State University Long Beach
External organization: Academic
Office of Naval Research
External organization: Government
National Science Foundation
External organization: Unknown
EGADE Business School
External organization: Unknown
Brandeis University
External organization: Academic
Tampere University
External organization: Academic
University of Bonn
External organization: Academic
University of Houston
External organization: Academic
LeJeune Foundation
External organization: Unknown
University of Sydney
External organization: Academic
Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium
External organization: Unknown
University of Nebraska Lincoln
External organization: Academic
University of Münster
External organization: Academic
Universidad de Antioquia
External organization: Academic
Carleton University
External organization: Academic
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
External organization: Unknown
University of Tübingen
External organization: Academic
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
External organization: Unknown
HRL Laboratories
External organization: Corporate
University of Miami
External organization: Academic
Foster School of Business
External organization: Unknown
Administrative Headquarters of the Max Planck Society
External organization: Academic
University of California at Santa Cruz
External organization: Academic
The Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence
External organization: Academic
Kennedy Krieger Institute
External organization: Medical
University of Nevada, Reno
External organization: Academic
Boston College
External organization: Academic
Medical College of Wisconsin
External organization: Academic
University of Cambridge
External organization: Academic
Indiana University-Purdue
External organization: Academic
Northern Arizona University
External organization: Academic
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
External organization: Unknown
Bangor University
External organization: Academic
University of Illinois at Chicago
External organization: Academic
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
External organization: Academic
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Clinical and Translational Sciences
External organization: Unknown
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
External organization: Government
Tilburg University
External organization: Academic
Arizona Biomedical Research Commission
External organization: Unknown
University of Mississippi
External organization: Academic
National Taiwan Normal University
External organization: Academic
Utrecht University
External organization: Academic
American Heart Association/American Stroke Association
External organization: Unknown
College of Science, University of Arizona
External organization: Unknown
Vita-Salute San Raffaele University
External organization: Academic
National Center for Voice and Speech
External organization: Unknown
National Institute for Health Research
External organization: Unknown
University of Illinois at Springfield
External organization: Academic
Louisiana State University
External organization: Academic
University of York
External organization: Academic
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
External organization: Unknown
Universidad de la Republica
External organization: Academic
Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
External organization: Academic
Royal Holloway University of London
External organization: Academic
BCBL – Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language
External organization: Academic
Florida State University
External organization: Academic
Fulcrum Therapeutics
External organization: Unknown
American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation
External organization: Unknown
University of Connecticut
External organization: Academic
University of Missouri-St. Louis, Department of Biology
External organization: Unknown
Aix Marseille Universite
External organization: Academic
Roche
External organization: Unknown
University of Texas at Arlington
External organization: Academic
Munich Society for the Promotion of Economic Research
External organization: Academic
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
External organization: Government
BioCircuits Institute
External organization: Unknown
Higher School of Economics
External organization: Academic
Salk Institute for Biological Studies
External organization: Unknown
Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence
External organization: Unknown
IBM Research
External organization: Corporate
Mayo Clinic Scottsdale AZ
External organization: Unknown
University of South Florida
External organization: Unknown
FP7/2007
External organization: Unknown
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
External organization: Unknown
Technical University of Berlin
External organization: Academic
Minnesota Epilepsy Group
External organization: Unknown
Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratories at the University of Arizona
External organization: Unknown
University College London
External organization: Unknown
Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences
External organization: Academic
Memorial University of Newfoundland
External organization: Academic
Duke University
External organization: Academic
Banner Sun Health Research Institute
External organization: Academic
Cystic Fibrosis Foundation
External organization: Unknown
Carnegie Mellon University
External organization: Academic
American Sleep Medicine Foundation
External organization: Unknown
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
External organization: Academic
American University in Cairo
External organization: Academic
Department of Radiology
External organization: Unknown
Goldsmiths, University of London
External organization: Academic
Universite Paris X Nanterre
External organization: Academic
US Department of Defense
External organization: Unknown
New York Eye and Ear Infirmary
External organization: Medical
University of Colorado Colorado Springs
External organization: Academic
Hanyang University
External organization: Academic
University of Groningen
External organization: Academic
Siena College
External organization: Unknown
Erasmus University Rotterdam
External organization: Academic
Temple University
External organization: Academic
University of Florida
External organization: Unknown
Johrei Institute
External organization: Unknown
American River College
External organization: Unknown
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
External organization: Unknown
University of Ferrara
External organization: Academic
Pomona College
External organization: Academic
American Thoracic Society
External organization: Unknown
University of Manchester
External organization: Academic
Lex Machina
External organization: Unknown
National Research Institute of Police Science
External organization: Academic
University of Innsbruck
External organization: Academic
University of Nottingham
External organization: Academic
University of California Merced
External organization: Academic
National Natural Science Foundation of China, China
External organization: Unknown
National Center for Research Resources
External organization: Unknown
University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez
External organization: Academic
University of Cincinnati Medical Center
External organization: Unknown
NHLBI/NIH
External organization: Unknown
Natl. Ctr. Neurogenic Commun. D.
External organization: Unknown
Niveus Medical Inc.
External organization: Unknown
Hyperthesis, LLC
External organization: Unknown
Aarhus University
External organization: Academic
INSERM
External organization: Government
United States Air Force Laboratory
External organization: Unknown
SUNY Albany
External organization: Academic
Department of Veterans Affairs Brain Rehabilitation Research Center of Excellence
External organization: Unknown
National University of Singapore
External organization: Academic
Universidad de Chile
External organization: Academic
University of Oslo
External organization: Academic
University of Delaware
External organization: Academic
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin
External organization: Unknown
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
External organization: Unknown
University of California at Riverside
External organization: Academic
Down Syndrome Research and Treatment Foundation
External organization: Unknown
Towson University
External organization: Academic
Department of Health Services, University of Washington
External organization: Unknown
University of Zurich
External organization: Academic
EEB Department at the University of Arizona
External organization: Unknown
Health Sciences, University of Arizona
External organization: Unknown
York University Toronto
External organization: Academic
University of Chicago
External organization: Academic
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie
External organization: Academic
Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences
External organization: Academic
Miami University
External organization: Academic
University of Hong Kong
External organization: Academic
University of Iowa
External organization: Unknown
Osnabrück University
External organization: Academic
Shenandoah Conservatory
External organization: Unknown
Office of Science, Computational and Technology Research
External organization: Unknown
Max-Plack-Institut fur Neurologische Forschung Koln
External organization: Academic
Norsk Sykepleierforbund
External organization: Unknown
University of Queensland
External organization: Academic
Italian Institute of Technology
External organization: Academic
Google Inc.
External organization: Corporate
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS)
External organization: Academic
Columbia University
External organization: Academic
Instituto Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey
External organization: Academic
Purdue University
External organization: Academic
Middle East Technical University (METU)
External organization: Academic
Pompeu Fabra University
External organization: Academic
University of Arizona
External organization: Unknown
New Mexico State University
External organization: Academic
George Washington University
External organization: Academic
National Institute on Drug Abuse
External organization: Unknown
Universite Laval
External organization: Academic
University of Arizona’s Provost Investment Fund
External organization: Unknown
NSF-IIS-1948133
External organization: Unknown
Eli Lilly
External organization: Corporate
University of Washington
External organization: Unknown
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
External organization: Academic
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute
External organization: Unknown
Mexico Autonomous Institute of Technology (ITAM)
External organization: Academic
Hiroshima University
External organization: Academic
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
External organization: Unknown
Younes Sleep Technologies, Ltd.
External organization: Unknown
National University of Singapore
External organization: Unknown
Universite du Quebec a Montreal
External organization: Academic
Shenandoah University
External organization: Academic
American College of Physicians
External organization: Unknown
Montclair (N) State University
External organization: Unknown
Wake Forest University
External organization: Academic
Washington State University Pullman
External organization: Academic
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
External organization: Academic
National Stem Cell Foundation
External organization: Unknown
IEEE
External organization: Unknown
University of Colorado Denver
External organization: Academic
School of Life Sciences
External organization: Unknown
Heidelberg University
External organization: Academic
Mozarteum University Salzburg
External organization: Academic
Royal Free Hospital
External organization: Unknown
University of Nebraska
External organization: Academic
Central Manchester and Manchester Children's University Hospitals NHS Trust
External organization: Medical
University of Alabama at Birmingham
External organization: Academic
Fondation Jérôme Lejeune
External organization: Unknown
LuMind IDSC Foundation
External organization: Unknown
University of Hertfordshire
External organization: Academic
University Akron
External organization: Unknown
University of Melbourne
External organization: Academic
Neuren Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
External organization: Unknown
University of North Dakota
External organization: Academic
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
External organization: Unknown
Université de Paris
External organization: Academic
Data Science Academy
External organization: Unknown
Leipzig University
External organization: Academic
Alzheimer's Association
External organization: Unknown
Sophia University
External organization: Academic
Brigham Young University
External organization: Academic
Georgia State University
External organization: Academic
Western Sydney University
External organization: Academic
Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
External organization: Academic
Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
External organization: Academic
Florida Polytechnic University
External organization: Academic
HDL Therapeutics
External organization: Unknown
Western Kentucky University
External organization: Academic
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
External organization: Academic
Dean Kaelin Vocal Studio
External organization: Unknown
College of Science at the University of Arizona
External organization: Unknown
Wellcome Trust
External organization: Unknown
Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience
External organization: Unknown
NIH-K12GM000708
External organization: Unknown
AMS Institute
External organization: Unknown
California State University Northridge
External organization: Academic
NkC
External organization: Unknown
Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung
External organization: Unknown
Siena College
External organization: Unknown
Arizona Center for Information Science and Technology
External organization: Unknown
Department of Neurology at the Medical College of Wisconsin
External organization: Unknown
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
External organization: Academic
University of Wisconsin
External organization: Unknown
University of New Mexico
External organization: Academic
Rutgers University-Arizona State University
External organization: Unknown
University of Alabama
External organization: Unknown
National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition
External organization: Unknown
Cummings Endowment Fund
External organization: Unknown
GHR Foundation
External organization: Unknown
Canada Foundation for Innovation
External organization: Unknown
Roshan Cultural Heritage Institute
External organization: Unknown
University of South Florida (USF)
External organization: Unknown
Ithaca College
External organization: Academic
Research Institute of Industrial Economics
External organization: Unknown
Newcastle University
External organization: Unknown
Texas Tech University
External organization: Academic
Polytechnic University of Catalonia
External organization: Academic
Avid Radiopharmaceuticals
External organization: Unknown
NSF HSI
External organization: Unknown
University of Hawaii at Manoa
External organization: Academic
Dana Foundation
External organization: Unknown
College of Social and Behavioral Science, University of Utah
External organization: Unknown
German Institute for Economic Research
External organization: Government
University of Leeds
External organization: Academic
Kindle Rising
External organization: Unknown
Utah State University
External organization: Academic
University of Arizona College of Agriculture and Life Science
External organization: Unknown
Excellent Chinese and Foreign Youth Exchange Program
External organization: Unknown
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
External organization: Academic
Children’s Hospital Colorado
External organization: Unknown
Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu
External organization: Government
National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
External organization: Unknown
University of Reading
External organization: Academic
Sonoran University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities
External organization: Unknown
Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station
External organization: Unknown
Ontario Brain Institute
External organization: Unknown
New Zealand Institute of Language, Brain, and Behaviour
External organization: Unknown
University of Salzburg
External organization: Academic
Down Syndrome Research Group
External organization: Unknown
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences
External organization: Unknown
Rollins College
External organization: Unknown
University of Southampton
External organization: Academic
General Electric
External organization: Corporate
GIPSA-lab
External organization: Unknown
New Jersey Institute of Technology
External organization: Academic
University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
External organization: Unknown
Universidad de Sonora
External organization: Academic
Department of Psychology
External organization: Unknown
Seoul National University
External organization: Unknown
Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
External organization: Unknown
Life Sciences North
External organization: Unknown
Division of Environmental Biology
External organization: Unknown
National Institutes of Health-National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
External organization: Unknown
U.S. National Science Foundation*
External organization: Unknown
Children's National Medical Center
External organization: Unknown
Max Planck Institute for Research On Collective Goods
External organization: Government
TX Interagency Cncl. Early C.
External organization: Unknown
Bristol AntLab
External organization: Unknown
IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute
External organization: Government
University of East Anglia
External organization: Unknown
College of Humanities of the University of Arizona
External organization: Unknown
Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies
External organization: Unknown
Tucson Unified School District
External organization: Unknown
Centre for Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS)
External organization: Unknown
Chiang Ching-kuo Dissertation Fellowships for ROC
External organization: Unknown
University of Arizona Department of Neurology Rayphole Neuroscience Fund
External organization: Unknown
Old Dominion University
External organization: Academic
Amathus Therapeutics
External organization: Unknown
Cognitive Science Program
External organization: Unknown
BIO5 Institute at the University of Arizona
External organization: Unknown
University of Chicago
External organization: Unknown
Simon Fraser University
External organization: Academic
Bryant & Stratton College
External organization: Unknown
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
External organization: Academic
Stevens Institute of Technology
External organization: Academic
Owen Graduate School of Management
External organization: Unknown
Simmons College
External organization: Academic
National Science Foundation Santa Catalina Mountains-Jemez River Basin Critical Zone Observatory
External organization: Unknown
Naturalistic Observation of Social Interaction Laboratory
External organization: Unknown
UiT The Arctic University of Norway
External organization: Academic
Cambridge Judge Business School
External organization: Unknown
Language and Neuroimaging Research Lab
External organization: Unknown
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
External organization: Unknown
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
External organization: Academic
Israel National Road Safety Authority
External organization: Unknown
Kiel Institute for the World Economy
External organization: Government
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
External organization: Unknown
National Taiwan University
External organization: Academic
York University, New York, New York, USA bbbUniversity of Rochester, Rochester, New York
External organization: Unknown
Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium
External organization: Unknown
San Francisco State University
External organization: Academic
Lancaster University
External organization: Academic
University of Parma
External organization: Academic
Institute of Education Sciences
External organization: Unknown
Institute Marey
External organization: Unknown
Agence Nationale de la Recherche
External organization: Unknown
Stanford University
External organization: Unknown
NSF DEB
External organization: Unknown
National Institute of General Medical Sciences
External organization: Unknown
Wilson K-8 School Oro Valley
External organization: Unknown
Huanghuai University
External organization: Academic
National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate
External organization: Unknown
European Commission
External organization: Academic
Western University
External organization: Academic
Stanford Institute for Research in the Social Sciences
External organization: Unknown
MENAS
External organization: Unknown
Queen Margaret University
External organization: Academic
DiDi AI Labs
External organization: Unknown
Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
External organization: Unknown
Office of Naval Research Grants
External organization: Unknown
National Congress of American Indians
External organization: Unknown
University of Surrey
External organization: Academic
Purdue University
External organization: Unknown