Broadband and high-resolution absorption spectra of molecular cerium oxide (CeO) are obtained in a laser- produced plasma using dual-comb spectroscopy. Simul- taneous measurements of Ce and CeO are used to probe time-resolved dynamics of the system. A spectral reso- lution of 1.24 GHz (2.4 pm) over a bandwidth of 378.7 - 383.7 THz (781.1 - 791.5 nm) allows simultaneous detec- tion of hundreds of closely-spaced rotational transitions in complex CeO bands.